Examination of the Knee and Thight Flashcards
Patient reports a traumatic onset of knee pain that occurred during jumping, twisting, or changing directions with foot planted. Quais podem ser as hipóteses iniciais?
Possible ligamentous injury (anterior cruciate).
Possible patella subluxation.
Possible quadriceps rupture.
Possible meniscal tear.
Patient reports traumatic injury that resulted in a posteriorly directed force to tibia with knee flexed. Qual a lesão suspeita?
Possible PCL injury (posterior cruciate).
Patient reports traumatic injury that resulted in a varus or valgus force exerted on knee. Qual a hipótese inicial?
Possible collateral ligament injury (LCL or MCL).
Patient reports anterior knee pain with jumping and full knee flexion? Quais as suspeitas?
Possible patellar tendonitis.
Possible patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Patient reports swelling in knee with occasional locking and clicking. Que tipo de lesão suspeita?
Possible meniscal tear.
Possible loose body within knee joint.
Patient reports pain with prolonged knee fl exion, during squats, and while going up and down stairs. Qual a hipótese inicial?
Possible patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Patient reports pain and stiffness in morning that diminishes after a few hours. O que suspeita?
Possible OA (Osteoarthritis).
Quais os achados clínicos normalmente associados à osteoartrite?
Inactivity stiffness; Pain on using stairs; Night pain. (k = Substantial agreement).
Acute injury; Swelling; Giving way; Locking; Pain, generalized; Pain at rest; Pain rising from chair; Pain climbing stairs. (k ~ Slight agreement).
Quais os achados clínicos normalmente associados a medial collateral ligament rupture?
Self-noticed swelling LR+ 1.5 (1.1, 1.9); LR- 0.40 (.20, .90).
Trauma by external force to the leg LR+ 2.0 (.8, 4.8); LR- .90 (.70, 1.1).
Rotational trauma LR+ 1.7 (1.1, 2.6); LR- .60 (.30, 1.1).
Age superior 40 years (LR Small impact).
Continuation of activity impossible (LR Small and rarely important).
Weight bearing during trauma (LR Small and rarely important).
Qual a clinical prediction rule para a prescrição de radiografia após trauma no joelho?
Age sup or = 55 years; isolated patellar tenderness without other bone tenderness; tenderness of the fibular head; inability to flex knee to 90°; inability to bear weight immediately after injury and in the emergency room (unable to transfer weight onto each lower extremity - regardless of limping).
If one of five variables identified were present, radiographs were required (SN 0,99).
Inter-examiner agreement - kappa value of .77 (.65-.89).
Quão bons nós somos a detetar inflamação no joelho?
Podemos palpar a temperatura e o edema; inspecionar edema e rubor; Fluctuation test; Patellar tap test.
Porém, apenas a Palpation for warmth mostrou um kappa de concordância moderada (k=0,66). Os restantes procedimentos demonstraram pouco concordância (k inf 0,40).
Que teste podemos aplicar para identificar Knee Joint Effusion? As propriedades são favoráveis?
Ballottement test - Examiner quickly pushes the patient’s patella posteriorly with 2 or 3 fingers. Positive if patella bounces off trochlea with a distinct impact (Sn 0,83).
Self-noticed knee swelling PLUS Ballottement test (Sp 0,82).
Há fiabilidade intra e inter examinador no que diz respeito à amplitude de movimentos?
Todos os valores se situam entre concordância moderada e substancial (ICC or K sup 0,60). Para informações detalhadas, consultar Netter’s Orthopaedic Clinical Examination An Evidence-Based Approach - Page 301.
Quais as diferenças entre a dor mecânica e a dor inflamatória?
Douleur de type méchanique:
• Calmée par le repos;
• Aggravée par l’activité.
Douleur de type inflammatoire:
• Douleur nocturne, insomniante;
• Non calmée par le repos;
• Raideur matinale superieur a 30 minutes.
Como podem ser graduados os end-feels da flexão e extensão dos joelhos?
End-feel is assessed at end of PROM and graded on an 11-point scale with “capsular at end of normal range,” “capsular early in range,” “capsular,” “tissue approximation,” “springy block,” “bony,” “spasm,” “empty”.
Como poder ser determinado 1 repetition maximum da extensão do joelho, através da máquina de extensão?
With patient sitting in leg extension machine, subject performs slow knee extension from 100° to 0°. Amount of weight is systematically increased until subject can no longer complete lift. 1RM defi ned as the heaviest resistance that could be lifted once.
Inter-day (same examiner) ICC .90;
Inter-examiner ICC .96.
Como pode ser medida a força isométrica de extensão e flexão?
Against infl ated sphygmomanometer cuff.
Extention: Intra-examiner ICC .85; Inter-examiner ICC .83.
Flexion: Intra-examiner ICC .89; Inter-examiner ICC .70.
There are Diagnostic Utility of Manual Muscle Testing for Detecting Strength Deficits?
MMT of knee extension strength:
LR+ entre 5,7 e 3,1.
LR- entre 0,34 e 0,36.
(~Small)
There are Reliability of Assessing Muscle Length?
Quadriceps length - Assessed with Thomas test - Result k = .18 (.17, .53) and Pain: k = .39 (.14, .64).
Hamstring length - Straight leg raise test with inclinometer - ICC .92 (.82, .96).
ITB/TFL complex length - Ober’s test with inclinometer - ICC .97 (.93, .98).
Quadriceps length - Quadriceps femoris muscle angle with inclinometer - ICC .91 (.80, .96).
Gastrocnemius length - Dorsiflexion with knee extended and inclinometer - ICC .92 (.83, .96).
Soleus length - Dorsiflexion with knee flexed 90° and inclinometer - ICC .86 (.71, .94).
What is Q-angle e a que está associado?
Q-angle is formed by intersection of lines from anterior superioriliac spine and from tibial tuberosity through midpoint of patella. Large Q-angle predisposes to patellar subluxation.
How to measure the Q-angle?
Proximal arm of goniometer is aligned with ASIS, distal arm is aligned with tibial tubercle, and fulcrum is positioned over patellar midpoint.
Como aplicar o teste de Lachman?
With patient supine and knee joint flexed between 10° and 20°, examiner stabilizes femur with one hand. With other hand, examiner translates tibia anteriorly. Positive if lack of end point for tibial translation or subluxation is positive.
Propriedades do teste para identificar rotura do ligamento cruzado anterior:
SN 0.85; SP 0.94; LR+ 1,2; LR- 0,2
O teste de Lachman é mais eficaz em identificar rotura do ligamento cruzado anterior com ou sem anestesia?
Com anestesia é mais eficaz:
SN 0.97; SP 0.93; LR+ 12,9; LR- 0,1
Descreve a aplicação do teste da gaveta anterior (anterior drawer test) para identificar rotura do ligamento cruzado anterior.
With patient’s knee flexed between 60° and 90° with foot on examination table, examiner draws tibia anteriorly. Positive if there is anterior subluxation superior to 5 mm.
Sem anestesia: SN 0.55; SP 0.92; LR+ 7,3; LR- 0,5
Com anestesia: SN 0.77; SP 0.87; LR+ 5,9; LR- 0,4