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Biology > examen sep-oxt > Flashcards

examen sep-oxt Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The variety of life around the earth.

A

Biodiversity or biological diversity

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2
Q

A particular type of living things that can reproduce by interbreeding among them.

A

Species

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3
Q

Is the scientific study of all forms of life

A

Biology

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4
Q

Is any individual living thing

A

organism

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5
Q

Is the basic unit of life

A

cell

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6
Q

Are all the living things and all the places they are found on Earth.

A

Biosphere

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7
Q

Are all of the chemical processes that make up or break down different materials.

A

metabolism

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8
Q

the genetic material of all organisms

A

deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA

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9
Q

an organized group of related parts that interact to form a whole

A

system

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10
Q

is a physical environment with different species that interact with one another and with nonliving things.

A

Emcosystem

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11
Q

the maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism

A

homoestasis

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12
Q

is the change of living things over time

A

Evolution

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13
Q

An inherited trait that gives an advantage to an individual organisms and is passed to future generations.

A

Adaptation

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14
Q

is using our senses for studying the world

A

observation

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15
Q

observations can also be recorded as ___________

A

Data

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16
Q

Is a proposed answer for a scientific question

A

hypotesis

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17
Q

In ___________ scientists study factors called dependent and independent variables

A

experiments

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18
Q

is an experiment condition that is manipulated by a scientist

A

independent variable

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19
Q

are observed and measured during the experiment

A

dependent variables

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20
Q

the conditions that do not change during an experiment

A

constant

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21
Q

is a proposed explanation for a wide range of observations

A

theory

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22
Q

is an attraction between slightly positive hydrogen atom and slightly negative atom often oxygen or nitrogen

A

hydrogen bond

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23
Q

what are the 3 important properties of water made by hydrogen bonds?

A

adhesion,cohesion and, high specific heat

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24
Q

is the attraction among molecules on a substance

A

cohesion

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25
Q

is the attraction of molecules on different substances

A

adhesion

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26
Q

what is the conditions for ions and molecules for taking part of chemical reactions on a cell?

A

that they can dissolve on water

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27
Q

is a mixture of substances that is the same throughout

A

a solution

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28
Q

is the one that is in greater amount and that dissolves the other

A

the solvent

29
Q

is the amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

A

solution’s concentration

30
Q

is a compound that releases a proton

A

an acid

31
Q

are the substances that remove H+ ions of a solution

A

bases

32
Q

how are the solution’s acidity or H+ ion concentration measured

A

by the Ph scale

33
Q

how is usually called the carbon atom?

A

the building block of life

34
Q

why its so important carbon atom?

A

because its atomic structure gives it bonding properties that are unique among elements

35
Q

what are the 3 fundamental structures of the carbon atoms?

A

straight chains,rings, and branched chains

36
Q

how is called the subunit of a complete molecule?

A

monomer

37
Q

is a large molecule or a macromolecule made of many monomers bonded together

A

polymers

38
Q

are the 4 types of carbon based molecules

A

carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids

39
Q

is a molecule made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen

A

carbohydrates

40
Q

what are the most basic carbohydrates?

A

simple sugars and monosacchrides

41
Q

are nonpolar molecules that include fats oils and cholesterol

A

lipids

42
Q

in what consists both vegetal oils and fat oils

A

on glycerol

43
Q

are chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

A

Fatty acids

44
Q

in what consists a phospholipid

A

an of glycerol fatty acids an a phosphate group

45
Q

is a lipid that has a ring structure

A

cholesterol

46
Q

is a part of cell membranes and your body uses it for make chemicals named steroid hormones

A

cholesterol

47
Q

are the most varied of the carbon based molecules in organisms

A

proteins

48
Q

is a polymer made of monomers called amino acids

A

proteins

49
Q

amino acids form covalent bonds called ______________

A

peptide bonds

50
Q

through peptide bonds amino acids are linked into chains called ________________

A

polypeptides

51
Q

is one or more plypeptides

A

a protein

52
Q

the specific sequence of amino acids determines _______________________

A

protein’s structure and function

53
Q

where are detailed instructions for building proteins stored?

A

in extremely long carbon based molecules called nucleic acids

54
Q

what are the 2 general types of nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

55
Q

when does the compound microscope was invented and who unvented it?

A

in late 1500’s

Zacharias Jenssen

56
Q

when by who and how were the cells discovered?

A

in 1665 by Robert Hooke examining slices of cork with a three lens compound microscope

57
Q

who invented a one lense microscope more powerful than Hook’s

A

Leeuwenhoek

58
Q

What made Leuweenhoek rather than making that powerful microscope?

A

he was one pf the first person who described the LIVING cells

59
Q

who and when proposed that plants were made of cells?

A

Matthias Schleiden in 1838

60
Q

who and when proposed the cell theory?

A

by Theodor Schwann in 1839

61
Q

by who and when was reported that cells come from other cells?

A

in 1855 by Rudolf Virchow

62
Q

what are the principles of the cell theory?

A

All organisms are made of cells
All existing cells come from other living cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life

63
Q

by what is enclosed the cell and controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell?

A

the cell membrane

64
Q

is a jelly-like substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks

A

cytoplasm

65
Q

are structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell

A

organelles

66
Q

how can be speared the types of cells

A

in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

67
Q

the type of cell that do not have any organelle

A

prokaryotic cell

68
Q

it does have a nucleus or any other organelle

A

eukaryotic cell

Biology (6 decks)

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