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Biology > examen Nov > Flashcards

examen Nov Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

an individual living thing

A

organism

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2
Q

a group of the same species that lives in one area

A

population

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3
Q

the group of different species that live together in an area

A

community

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4
Q

includes all the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area

A

ecosystem

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5
Q

is a major o regional or global community of organisms characterized by climate and plant communities that thrive there.

A

biome

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6
Q

is the act of carefully watching something over time

A

observation

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7
Q

how can be done observations?

A

by visual surveys

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8
Q

for easy to spot species employ binoculars or scopes.

A

Direct surveys

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9
Q

are used for species that are difficult to track and include using other signs of their presence

A

Indirect surveys

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10
Q

were are performed experiments

A

in the lab or in the field

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11
Q

give researchers more control but are not reflective of the natural interactions of nature

A

lab experiments

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12
Q

give a more accurate picture of natural interactions but may not determine actual cause and effect

A

field experiments

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13
Q

can be used to describe and model nature and allow scientists to learn about organisms and ecosystems in ways that could not be possible in an actual field lab or setting

A

Computer and mathematical Models

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14
Q

What includes every ecosystem

A

living and nonliving factors

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15
Q

what are biotic factors?

A

living things

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16
Q

what are abiotic factors

A

nonliving things

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17
Q

What is biodiversity

A

is the assortment or variety of living things in an ecosystem

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18
Q

what have more biodiversity than other part of the world

A

Rain forests

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19
Q

what is a keystone specie

A

an species that usually have a large effect in the ecosystem and form and maintain a complex web of life

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20
Q

what is a food chain or a food web

A

is a model of how energy flows in an ecosystem

21
Q

links species by their feeding relationships

A

food chain

22
Q

the Study of the relationships among an organisms and their enviroment

A

Ecology

23
Q

an organism that eats only plants

A

Hervivor

24
Q

an organism that eat only animals

A

Carnivores

25
Q

organisms that eat dead organic matter

A

detritivores

26
Q

are detritivores that brake down matter into simpler compounds

A

decomposers

27
Q

are consumers that primarily eat one specific organism ora very small variety of organisms

A

specialists

28
Q

are consumers that have a varying diet

A

generalists

29
Q

are nourishment levels in a food chain?

A

Trophic levels (primary consumers, seconsary consumers, etc.)

30
Q

emphasizes complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem

A

a food web

31
Q

model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem

A

pyramid models

32
Q

how many percent of energy is lost between level and level of a pyramid mosdel

A

90%

33
Q

is the measure of total dry mass of organisms in a given area

A

biomass

34
Q

what does every organism have?

A

habitat and niche

35
Q

all aspects of the area in where an organism live?

A

habitat

36
Q

what includes the habitat

A

biotic and abiotic factors

37
Q

all the factors that an organism needs to survive, stay healthy and reproduce.

A

niche

38
Q

what does niche includes

A

food, abiotic conditions, behavior, shelter, energy, oxygen

, etc.

39
Q

when does competition occurs

A

when 2 or more species use resources the same way

40
Q

when does competitive exclusion keeps?

A

two species from occupying the same niche

41
Q

what are the 3 outcomes of competitive exclusion

A

One species is better situed to the niche and will either be pushed out or become extinct.
The niche will be divided
The 2 species will further diverge

42
Q

What are Ecological equivalents

A

they are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions

43
Q

how does organisms interact?

A

as individuals or as populations

44
Q

When does predation occurs

A

when one organism captures and eats another

45
Q

What are the three types of symbiotic relationships

A

Mutualism, Commensalism, and parasitism

46
Q

Explain mutualism

A

Both organisms are Benefit

47
Q

explain commensalism

A

one organism is benefit and the other is not affected

48
Q

explain parasitism

A

one organism is benefit and the other harmed

49
Q

how does parasitism meet their needs

A

as ectoparasites or endoparasites

Biology (6 decks)

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