Examen de Lengua Marzo 2023 Flashcards
Renaissance setting
began in Italy in the 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe
Philosophy of the Renaissance
it was classically humanist or anthropocentric, with men as the center of the world rather than God
Beauty Standard
blonde hair, white skin, red lips all with the goal of looking like an “angelic woman”
Men of the Renaissance
educated in arms and literature, strong but intelligent
“gentlemen”
Importance of the Printing Press
it meant knowledge, in the form of books, could be spread to the public at lightning speed, meaning churches and teachers no longer had all the power of education
Scientific Revolution
evolution in medicine, astronomy and better health
Themes of the Renaissance (3_
art, love and women
Important change regarding religion
a split between humans and religion occurred, as people began to see themselves as the center of the world rather than God
Literature of the Renaissance (14th-15th century)
well-shaped, good background, simple and elegant
Characteristics of Renaissance Literature (14th-15th century) (7)
- Anthropocentric Vision
- Importance of Nature
- Theme of Love
- Nature and Mythology
- The Ideal Woman
- Clear and Sensible Expression
- Reduction in Mortality
Book that “birthed Spanish literature”
La Celestina by Fernando Rojas in 1499
First Spanish poet
Garcilaso de la Vega
Popular novels in the 16th century
novels about Chivalry
Idealist Fiction Novels (4)
- Pasbril
- Caballeresca
- Bizantina
- Morisca
Pasbril Novels
about medieval heroes, sometimes fantasy
Caballeresca Novels
about misadventures and refined shepards
Bizantina Novels
about a journey, sometimes a love conflict
Morisca Novels
short stories about Christians and Muslims
Realist Novels of Renaissance
- picaresque and printed
- characters who aren’t perfect and have realistic problems
Ideas of the Renaissance
humanist, critical and reflective
Picaresque Novels (3)
- an autobiographical story with an antagonist, like episodes
- tended to deform reality with large exaggerations
- usually told in first person and are realist (about real/plausible events)
Sweet Tongued/ Dolce Delectando
European way of speaking and form of literature
Biblical Theatre
church approved theatre productions that gained popularity in the 16th century
Societal Characteristics of the Renaissance (6)
- Bourgeoisie became a large and powerful social class
- Expansion throughout Europe and America
- Appreciation of Greek and Latin past
- Popularization of “gentlemen”
- Importance of science and reason
- Anthropocentrism
Optimistic Vision
a new mentality of the Renaissance that contradicted Medieval pessimism
through the mentality of Epicureanism, people saught happiness through the enjoyment of modest pleasures
Neoplatonism
populzaried by the work of Sephardic Jew Leon Hebreo <3
means believed human perfection and happiness were attainable in this world, without awaiting for an afterlife
Garcilaso de la Vega
- first Spanish poet and a “gentlemen”
- wrote secular poetry about a Portuguese lady of the queen’s court
Garcilaso de la Vega’s work (3)
- Mix of traditional and pre-renaissance work
- Classicism with a harmonious tone
- Uses ABBAABBA format and is full and balanced in sadness in the death of his love
Reasons Picturesque Novels became so Popular
Literary Reason: it is a reaction to the popular and is interesting with its anti-hero/ antagonist
Social Reason: the antagonist represents some feelings of individualism, stoicism, conformism and pessimism prevalent in this society
Two Stages of Picturesque Novels
- Pessimistic but non-bitter view of life
- The antagonist isn’t a person but a social class
Picturesque Novels Structure
- Prologue
- Opening
- Development
- Closing
Lazarillo de Tormes (La Vida de Lazarillo de Tormes) Themes and Characters
- Religion, honor and some social issues
- Characters are distinctly individualistic
Lazarillo de Tormes (La Vida de Lazarillo de Tormes) Space, Time and Style
- The work takes place in different places, open or closed, natural or urban
- The work is linear but occasionally jumps into the past
- The language is plain, lively and natural
- Humor, irony and satire add to the livelihood
Don Quijote Important Themes (5)
Parody, perspectivism, dynamicism, rhythmic syntax, directive dialogue
Don Quijote Two Books
- The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha: a comic drama with irony and jokes
- Second Part of the Ingenious Knight Don Quixote of La Mancha: more serious and philosophical
Don Quijote Place, Time, Characters and Critique
- Spaces realistic, first part in La Mancha second part in Aragon and Barcelona
- The adventures are linear and chronological
- Wide range of characters representing realistic people, often common, in 15th century Spain
- The novel is a critique of chivalry books
Change to the Baroque Period
17th century was a hard time politically and socially, and the Renaissance magic was starting to become repetitive and lose its charm
Baroque art and literature (compared with Renaissance)
less idealized than in the Renaissance and more complex literature with many meanings
Themes of the Baroque era (6)
- Reality different from what we see
- Madness
- Life as a dream
- Deception
- Conceptism vs Culteranism
- Pessimism/Themes of Death
Epicurism
focus on the importance of pleasure
Marranos and Moriscos
forced Jewish and Muslim converts to Christianity who faced discrimination and oppression
Culteralismo (3)
- Baroque literary style popularized by Luis de Góngora
- Emphasized the form of the language rather than the substance.
- Elitist stile “closed paradise for the few”
- Uses contrasts, hyperboles, complicated language, cultisms, metaphors
- Optional: complicated syntax, sensory elements, ideas of beauty, sounds, shapes etc.
Conceptismo (3)
- Baroque literary style popularized Francisco de Quevedo y Villegas
- Emphasized the substance of the language rather than the form
- Used simple vocabulary, rapid rhythm, wordplay, metaphors and wit with minimal text
Quevedo’s Poetry (themes/ideas)
- metaphysical, moral and religious poems
- themes: mainly existentialism of death, the passage of time, but also love, religion and enchantment
Quevedo’s Love Poems (3)
- Based on antitheses and paradoxes
- About a beautiful and disdainful girl
- Unite pain/death with love
17th Century Theatre (7)
- popularized of the-act comedy shows with happy endings
- became more separate from the church
- took place in theatres or in courtyards
- divided between genders
- lively and reactive audience
- had dancing and presentations before and after
- very contrversial
Structure of 17th Century Theatre (3)
- Three stage heights
- Trapdoors
- Balconies
Types of Baroque Plays
Serious: tragedies, serious tragicomedies and religious
Comedic: swashbuckling, parodies, burlesque comedies
Actors of Baroque Era
- good pronunciation, singing and dancing skills, and graceful movements
- often not awarded a church burial for sinful acting
Lopez de Vega’s Spanish National Comedic Theatre (12) god bless
- Tragicomedy
- Divided into three acts
- Honor/virtuous actions
- Theatrical tricks to please audience
- Clear and well done communication
- NOT a single action in a single day
- Traditional Mediterranean metrics
- Two hours and not boring
- Satire
- Sets and costumes
- Drama
- Love and entanglement
