EXAM3/CH32- Children Flashcards

1
Q

pediatrics

A

branch of medicine concerned with children + their diseases

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2
Q

children

A

population between infancy (birth) + adolescence (from puberty until growth stops)

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3
Q

are children typically considered a “clinical” population

A

no

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4
Q

aerobic fitness is easy/difficult to measure in children

A

difficult
-increased physical activity does NOT result in increased aerobic capacity
-HR responses can vary more widely in children
-children perceive intensity differently than adults (usually as less difficult than adults)
-VO2 max is lower in children compared to adults

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5
Q

does increased physical activity result in increased aerobic capacity

A

no

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6
Q

HR responses can vary more widely in children/adults

A

children

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7
Q

children/adults percieve intensity as less difficult

A

children

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8
Q

VO2 max is lower/higher in children compared to adults

A

lower

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9
Q

pediatric concern

A

increasing numbers of children are obese or overweight

THEREFORE

-many children being diagnosed with associated conditions that we often see in adult clinical populations
-type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome

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10
Q

when are exercise evaluations used in children

A

only when ABSOLUTELY necessary

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11
Q

what is the goal of exercise evaluations in children

A

to ensure that the benefit of testing outweighs the risk associated with the tests

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12
Q

exercise evaluation is dependent on what

A

signs + symptoms
-may aid in diagnosis or in development of a treatment plan

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13
Q

signs + symptoms typical of what we see in adults

A

-shortness of breath
-chest pain
-dizziness
-syncope
-unusual fatigue
-exercise intolerance

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14
Q

common indications for pediatric stress testing

A
  1. to evaluate specific signs that are induced or aggravated by exercise
  2. to assess or identify abnormal responses to exercise in children with cardiac, pulmonary, or other organ disorders, including the presence of myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias
  3. to assess efficacy of specific medical or surgical treatments
  4. to assess functional capacity for recreational, athletic, + vocational activities
  5. to evaluate prognosis, including both baseline + serial testing measurements
  6. to establish baseline data for institution of cardiac, pulmonary, or musculoskeletal rehabilitation
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15
Q

why may clinical exercise testing of children be difficult

A

-children’s body size in relation to testing equipment may be problematic (equipment designed for adults)
-their peak performance may be poor
-their attention span tends to be short, + they may have poor motivation during exercise testing, most often with longer exercise protocols

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16
Q

contraindications for pediatric exercise testing

A

same as those listed in ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing + Prescription

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17
Q

safe environment for pediatric exercise testing

A

2 testers to ensure constant visual + verbal contact with child
-also to have 2 spotters during test

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18
Q

tester should explain test to who

A

child AND parent

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19
Q

what may be used (if appropriate) to properly fit size of child

A

modified testing equipment

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20
Q

what may be used to keep the child interested during exercise test

A

motivational factors/encouragement

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21
Q

pediatric exercise testing modes

A

-treadmill (76% preference by clinical centers)
-cycle ergometer (24% preference)
-arm ergometer (population specific)

make sure equipment can be adjusted to fit child’s size

22
Q

what mode is most commonly preferred in pediatric exercise testing

A

treadmill

23
Q

can protocols for adults usually be used for children

A

yes
-may need to accomodate earlier onset of fatigue in children

24
Q

ExRx- aerobic training is dependent on what

A

training goals

25
Q

3 categories of training goals for aerobic training

A

-basic health-related fitness
-intermediate health-related fitness
-athletic performance

26
Q

aerobic training goals- basic health-related fitness

A

get them going
-focus on “play”
-active games
-dancing
-recreational activities

27
Q

aeroic training goals- intermediate health-related fitness

A

introduce fitness principles
-fitness-based games
-higher intensity activity
-league sports

28
Q

aerobic training goals- athletic performance

A

structured training
-sport/activity-specific

29
Q

allow for accomodation of differences in what of children

A

abilities, interests, + fitness objectives

30
Q

ExRx- resistance training

A

-historically thought that resistance training may not be safe for prepubescent children (potential damage to growth plates)

-numerous controlled studies provide evidence to the contrary:
*improvements in muscle strength and endurance
*enhanced motor skills
*protection against injury
*psychological benefits

31
Q

ExRx- resistance training is dependent on what

A

training goals

32
Q

3 categories of training goals of resistance training

A

-basic health-related fitness
-intermediate health-related fitness
-athletic performance

33
Q

resistance training goals- basic health-related fitness

A

-use of body weight
-focus on large muscle groups

34
Q

resistance training goals- intermediate health-related fitness

A

-use of machines
-introduce overload principles

35
Q

resistance training goals- athletic performance

A

structured training
-sport-specific
-multi-joint lifts (clean, press, etc.)
-involve overload procedures

36
Q

____ is key to ensuring proper technique

A

supervision

37
Q

ROM prescription is dependent on what

A

training goals

38
Q

3 categories of training goals for ROM prescription

A

-basic health-related fitness
-intermediate health-related fitness
-athletic performance

39
Q

ROM prescription- basic health-related fitness

A

static stretches for major muscle groups

40
Q

ROM prescription- intermediate health-related fitness

A

static stretches + introductory dynamic stretches

41
Q

ROM prescription- athletic performance

A

structured training
-sport-specific + dynamic strethces

42
Q

what declines as children age

A

flexibility

43
Q

how do we measure intensity of exercise for children

A

use OMNI RPE vs Borg RPE

44
Q

poor temperature regulation

A

-children have greater risk of heat-related illness due to lower sweat rate
-longer acclimatization required
-greater risk of dehydration
-faster body cooling in water

45
Q

OMNI

A

includes images
-scale of 0-10

46
Q

it is important to review important issues in regard to ____ + pediatrics

A

pharmacology

47
Q

many drugs that are prescribed for children…

A

were not initially developed for children

48
Q

what do physiologic differences in children result in

A

alterations in the pharmacokinetics + pharmacodynamics of medications

49
Q

CEP must be cognizant of what

A

pharmacology issues + be aware of possible adverse drug reactions

50
Q

pediatric ExRx overall

A

-tailor it to child’s goals
-safety is key
-exercise EVERY day (focus on physical activity)
-make it fun!