Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

*CLINICAL EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY > EXAM3/CH25/33- Older Adults + Osteoporosis > Flashcards

EXAM3/CH25/33- Older Adults + Osteoporosis Flashcards

1
Q

osteoporosis

A

a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength, predisposing individuals to an increased risk of fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bone mineral density for osteoporosis

A

T score 2.5 standard deviations below the mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

osteopenia

A

less severe form of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

bone mineral density for osteopenia

A

T score between 1-2.5 standard deviations below mean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

majority of bone mass is accured when

A

in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

peak bone mass is generally attained by ____ years old

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

bone development is influcned by what

A

-genetics
-physical activity
-diet
-hormone balance (estrogen inhibits bone resorption)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

____ inhibits bone resoprtion

A

estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when does prevention of osteoporosis begin

A

in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bone remodeling

A

naturally occuring process
-bone resorption followed by bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

bone resorption

A

breakdown of bone by osteoclasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bone formation

A

production + mineralization of bone by osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

osteo

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clast

A

break

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

blast

A

develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osteoclasts

A

responsible for bone resorption/breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

osteoblasts

A

responsible for bone development/formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is required to have good bone health

A

equal amounts of bone resportion + formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bone loss occurs when

A

bone resorption exceeds formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

osteoporosis is symptomatic/asymptomatic

A

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

first sign of osteoporosis

A

often a fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

possible risk factors for osteoporosis

A

-sedentary
-diet
-post-menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what may be a red flag in determining osteoporosis

A

-abnormally-caused fracture (fall from standing height)
-vertebral fractures (height loss, protruding abdomen, hyperkyphosis, or other postural changes; may not be noticeable until multiple vertebral fractures have occurred)

24
Q

what helps to strengthen bones

A

physical activity

25
Q

history + physical exam

A

-medical history, medications, comorbid conditions, + contraindications to exercise
-fracture risk (FRAX)
-fall risk
-physical performance
-standing posture
-barriers to + facilitators of physical activity

26
Q

long term use of ____ is detrimental to bone health

A

corticosteroid
-causes bone to break down

27
Q

osteoporosis affects which part of spine

A

cervical spine
-do a postural assessment for osteoporosis

28
Q

fracture risk assessment (FRAX)

A

-extends beyond BMD by looking at other patient risk factors
-age, gender, oral glucocorticoids, history of fracture
-ten-year probability of fracture is calculated based on algorithms from large populations
-risk of fracture is emphasized over the use of terms osteoporosis or osteopenia

29
Q

downfall of FRAX

A

only for ages 40-90

30
Q

if patient is sedentary, what do we click yes for on FRAX

A

secondary osteoporosis

31
Q

bone mineral density (BMD)

A

-most common measure for diagostic testing
-uses dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA)
-femoral hip BMD is used for diagnosis of osteoporosis + determination of 10 yr risk
-lumbar spine measures can assist with diagnosis

32
Q

does DXA provide a T-score

A

yes

33
Q

____ can help increase or maintain bone mass

A

exercise

34
Q

nonpharmacologic + pharmacologic agents are available to increase bone mass or slow loss

A

-calcium supplementation
-vitamin D supplementation
-bisphosphonates (decrease osteoclast activity)
-parathyroid hormone (increased bone turnover)
-calcitonin (decrease osteoclast activity)
-estrogen (or hormone) replacement therapy (decrease osteoclast activity)

35
Q

exercise testing considerations

A

-determine an appropriate exercise prescription
-make certain that any potential benefits outweigh the risks

36
Q

exercise testing contraindications

A

-ACSM does not view osteoporosis as an absolute or relative contraindication
-osteoporosis + osteopenia: avoid exercise testing that involves high-impact skeletal loading such as jumping/stepping/running

37
Q

what mode is good for osteoporosis/osteopenia patients

A

cycle ergometer or arm ergometer
-fall prevention

38
Q

goals of exercise prescription

A

-reduction of fractures (via prevention of falls)
-reduction of bone loss
-promotion of spine-sparing strategies (proper form)

39
Q

current experimental knowledge indicates that an osteogenic exercise regimen should include what

A

load-bearing activities at high magnitude with few repetitions

40
Q

fall prevention

A
  1. reducing base of support (feet together, stand on one foot)
  2. shifting your weight within your limits of stability (leaning forward + back, shifting weight heel to toe)
  3. reducing contact with support objects (if holding on to an assistive device while standing or doing exercises, reduce that contact gradually)
  4. changing sensory input (closing eyes)
41
Q

where/when can fall prevention exercise be done

A

anywhere + as often as you want

42
Q

Dr. Gardner’s take aways

A

-NO TWO CLINICAL PATIENTS ARE EXACTLY ALIKE!!
-start with program that is doable for patient + then progress

-at the absolute minimum, program should include
-cardiorespiratory
*10 minutes per bout of exercise
*2-3 days per week
-resistance training
*2-3 days per week
-flexibility + balance
*as often as possible

43
Q

gerontology

A

study of the aging process

44
Q

geriatrics

A

the branch of clinical medicine that encompasses the diagnosis + management of older individuals

45
Q

older adults- signs + symptoms

A

-dependent primarily on specific physical conditions + chronic disease
-pain (arthritis), dyspnea (deconditioning, heart or lung disease)

46
Q

older adults- history + physical examination

A

-general H&P should be performed
-pay careful attention to typical conditions of aging (e.g., heart disease, arthritis, lung disease)
-always assess medications for proper use
-assess gait disorders
-assess cognitive deficits

47
Q

exercise testing for HEALTHY older adults (controlled BP + HR, no CV events)

A

can begin low- to moderate-intensity exercise without a stress test

48
Q

when is a stress test needed for older adults

A

if high risk or desiring to do high intensity exercise (greater than 60% peak VO2)

49
Q

what tests should be performed if older adult desires to begin resistance training

A

strength + ROM

50
Q

just because someone is an older adult doesn’t mean we have to do exercise testing

A
51
Q

polypharmacy

A

taking many medications

52
Q

44% of older men + 57% of older women take ____ prescription medications

A

5+
-this leads to confusion on what to take + the timing of when to take it

53
Q

what is crucial for CEP to understand for older adults

A

medication interactions + effect(s) of medication on exercise measures (i.e. HR, BP, respiration)

54
Q

exercise program should be tailored to what

A

individual’s ability + desires

55
Q

why should a warm-up be performed

A

to optimize chronotropic responses, increase perfusion to muscles, + maximize vessel responses

56
Q

why should a cool-down be performed

A

may assist to attenuate vascular pooling, decreasing hypotension, + to lessen arrhythmias

*CLINICAL EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions