exam1-ch.6 buddhism Flashcards
the word Buddha means
enlightened one
what was revealed to Gautama after his period of meditation under the fig tree
desire binds people to the endless cycle of birth and death
five ascetics who at first spurned Gautama later accepted his teachings and formed the first Buddhist monastic order known as the
Sangha
people who joined the Buddha as monks shaved their heads and wore coarse yellow robes. What was their only possession
a bowl they carried when they begged for food
the buddha had several unique teachings what was one of them
the should did not exist
what is the goal of basic Buddhist practice
the extinguishing of desire
the buddha taught that the person who follows the eighth fold path will break the bonds that tie that person to lie and he or she will achieve release from the cycle. this release is known as
nirvana
according to the Buddha people live in a state of absence of enduring souls called
anatman
one who has followed the eightfold path and has arrived at the point of achieving nirvana is called a saint or
arhat
at an early point, buddhism divided into two major campus, which in turn subdivided into numerous sects. the two major divisions of buddhism are called
Theravada and Mahayana
what event following the death of the Buddha gave early Buddhism its greatest impetus
the conversion of Asoka the emperor of India, to Buddhism
the smaller and more conservative wing of Buddhism is known as Hinayana (the exclusive way). what is the only remaining Hinayana school
Theravada
besides India, which country boasts the longest history of Buddhism
Sri Lanka
according to Theravada Buddhism, people must achieve enlightenment for themselves, without reliance on the gods or anyone else. For this reason this ideal lifestyle is that of a
monk
if a Thervadad Buddhist cannot or will not become a monk, what will that persons role be
that person will be a layperson who supports the needs of the monks
although the gods are of minor consequence in Theravada Buddhism, what have become important objects of devotion to followers
Relics of the life of the Buddha
for Theravada Buddhists, what is one of the most important ways of making merit
offering food to monks
Theravada Buddhist monks cultivate the types of mental states and knowledge that lead towards enlightenment by
mediating and studying buddhist scriptures
Mahayanists developed a class of beings who could provide help for humans struggling with the problems of life. what was this class called
bodhisattvas
in one sect of Mahayana Buddhism a “cosmic Buddha” named Amitabha presides over a western paradise called
pure land
one of the buddhist sects that believe the truths of religion come through a sudden flash of insight or intuition is called
zen
what do Tibetan Buddhists consider important
llamas and prayer wheels
which sect features riddles called Koans
Zen Buddhism
during which buddhist festival do families leave gifts of food for wondering spirits
the festival of souls
at which festival do Theravada Buddhists celebrate the sending fourth of the first buddhist missionaries in the days of Asoka
the robe offering
which buddhist holiday lasts three days and has a carnival-type atmosphere
new year
after centuries of no great movements or changes in buddhism, the religion began to revive again during which century
20th
what role did the rise of asian nationalism have o the revival of buddhism since world war 2
with the collapse of colonial empires, new Asian nations took pride in being Buddhist
What event caused many Vietnamese, Thai, Lao, and Khmer Buddhists to emigrate to the US and other western nations
the vietnam war
after a long period of reflection beneath a fig tree, Gautama experienced a revelation. What was it
people are bound to the endless cycle of birth and death by desire
a central Buddhist belief concerns the Four noble truths, all of which deal with suffering. Ultimately what will lead to the cessation of suffering
following the eightfold path
the buddha understood life in Hindu religious categories and taught his followers using those categories and vocabulary. Which statement reflects his most influential philosophical difference from the beliefs of Hinduism
people must find their own enlightenment
what was the event that essentially precipitated Buddhisms split into two major camps, one conservative and other liberal
at the second council of Buddhism, a conservative minority declared the majority of Buddhists to be heretics
why was the indian emperor Asoka’s decision to spread Buddhism to other countries the religions salvation
Buddhism virtually ceased to exist in India, its country of origin, centuries later, making its existence elsewhere even more important
why do laypeople often visit and make offerings at the Theravada Buddhist shrines called pagodas
to pay their respects to the ideas of Buddhahood and Nirvana
while Mahayana Buddhism became a great success as a missionary religion in the East and southeast Asia, Buddhism was gradually dying in India, why?
Buddhism suffered from absorption by Hinduism because Hinduism was able to incorporate the distinctive qualities of both Jainism and Buddhism
Which idea prompted by the Mahayama sect did more the most to broaden the appeal of Buddhism
there are many Budd has located in different parts of the cosmos all of whom are capable of helping people on the path of enlightenment
historically what has been the role of the Dalai Lama in Tibetan Buddhism
he is the leader of the yellow Hat order and by virtue of his position is essentially the ruler of Tibet
how has the socially engaged buddhism movement encouraged the revival of buddhism during the last century
to many people, buddhism message of peace and tolerance seems to fit the religious needs of the modern world
