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biology 2 > exam two > Flashcards

exam two Flashcards

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1
Q

in order for population growth to level off…

A

birth and death rates must be equal

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2
Q

(T/F) benthic refers to surface water in aquatic habitats

A

false

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3
Q

what’re the origin of life stages in order (4)

A
  1. formation of small organic compounds
  2. formation of macromolecules
  3. packaging organic compounds
  4. self-replication
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4
Q

(T/F) scientists think all humans on earth today descended from a single parent mtEve and Y-chromosomal Adam in Africa about 100-200 thousand years ago

A

true

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5
Q

limnology refers to the study of…

A

lakes

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6
Q

which of the age structures fit a life history/survivorship curve 3?

A

Afghanistan (high birth rates, low survivor rates)

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7
Q

which aquatic system has the highest diversity?

A

coral reefs

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8
Q

what does the “c” line represent?

A

logistic growth

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9
Q

(T/F) animals don’t normally compete within their own species/population for resources/territory as their population increases

A

false

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10
Q

___ is rapid diversification and spread of species

A

adaptive radiation

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11
Q

what’re the hominids in order from earliest to latest?

A

ardipithecus sp., australopithecus sp., paranthropus sp., homo sp.

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12
Q

what (2) biggest factors determine biological diversity on Earth?

A

sunlight, precipitation

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13
Q

(T/F) genetic diversity among humans is greatest in Africa and decreases with increasing distance from the continent.

A

true

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14
Q

which of the following is false regarding the often proposed stages of forming of life on earth?

A

small organic molecules such as amino acids and nucleotides cannot form under variety of conditions in the early earth

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15
Q

the maximum population count that an area’s resources can support is…

A

carrying capacity

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16
Q

(T/F) continued population growth will have negative impacts on our economy, however no population growth will have negative impact on our ecology

A

false

17
Q

(T/F) with better medical science and environmental technologies, there should be no problem with increasing the spread of diseases or the build up of toxic wastes as the population continues to grow exponentially

A

false

18
Q

which of the following is false regarding evolution?

A

experimental evidence suggests small populations with low genetic diversity evolve quickly and, therefore, can “punctuate” the fossil record with rapid appearance of species

19
Q

what (2) below are the biggest factors in determining population growth?

A

death rate, birth rate

20
Q

what does the “a” line represent?

A

carrying capacity

21
Q

boom and bust populational trends usually involves…

A

predator/prey relations

22
Q

due to ____, boundary between temperature gradient, water will ____ semiannually mixing oxygenated surface water with nutrient rich bottom water

A

thermocline, turnover

23
Q

which of the following survivorship curves has life histories that require intensive care and resources where most young are expected to survive until maximum life expectancy?

A

1

24
Q

many benthic creature rely on…

A

detritus

25
Q

match to define the following…
desert, tropical rain forest, savanna, chaparral, northern coniferous forest, tundra, wetlands

A

desert = low precipitation year-round, highly variable temperatures seasonally and daily, dominated by succulent plants

tropical rain forest = high rainfall year-round, warm year-round, extremely high species diversity

savanna = temperature is seasonly variable, long dry seasons, mostly drought tolerant grasses with sparse trees

chaparral = seasonal precipitation, hot summer and cool winters, dominated by shrubs, many browsing animals

Northern Coniferous Forest = variable precipitation, cold winters and mild summers, includes many migratory animals

tundra = precipitation varies, cold winters and cool summers, frozen earth restricts plants to mosses, grasses and shrubs mostly, animals include oxen, caribou, and bears

wetlands = plants include lilies and cattails, animals include otters and alligators

26
Q

the endosymbiont theory suggests…

A

prokaryotes were engulfed by early eukaryotes to form complex organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts

27
Q

match to define the following…
habitat, temporal, behavior, mechanical, gametic, reduced hybrid viability/fertility, hybrid breakdown

A

habitat isolation = species rarely encounter each other

temporal isolation = organisms’ breeding seasons don’t match up

behavior isolation = organisms prone to differing courtship rituals

mechanical isolation = reproductive anatomy do not align or are not compatible

gametic isolation = fertilization cannot occur between gametes

Reduced hybrid viability/ fertility = the offspring are either not fit enough or cannot reproduce

hybrid breakdown = offspring are incompatible with the rest of the population

28
Q

_____ is where rivers feed into marine habitats

A

estuary

29
Q

what assumption does continued exponential growth make?

A

unlimited resources

30
Q

adaptive radiation often follows… (select all, 2)

A

colonization of new regions, mass extinctions

31
Q

the amount of area including land and water needed by each person is…

A

ecological footprint

32
Q

____ is frozen earth beneath the surface that does not thaw throughout the year

A

permafrost

33
Q

family and friends move to island of 100 population, 1st year there are 7 births and 1 death. determine population at end of 5 years.

A

133.5

34
Q

the amount of offspring produced, known as ____, often begins to decrease as population sizes exponentially increase

A

fecundity

35
Q

(select all, 3) the dangers for thawing permafrost

A

further greenhouse gasses releasing, ancient dormant diseases getting released, ground collapse

biology 2 (5 decks)

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