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biology 2 > exam one > Flashcards

exam one Flashcards

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1
Q

which of the following if false on darwin?

A

Darwin thought that traits acquired through out one’s life could be passed down to future generations.

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2
Q

Select all of the following that are ways to introduce new genes into a population. (2)

A

gene flow, mutation

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3
Q

*know how to read a clado gram

A

same = 3

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4
Q

Select all the following that are hypothesized from the phylogenetic tree below. (2)

A

birds evolved from certain types of dinosaurs, humans and plants share a common ancestor 2 billion years ago

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5
Q

Select all of the following that are inferences made by Darwin’s observations. (2)

A
  • Unequal ability to survive and reproduce leads to an accumulation of favorable traits in the population over time.
  • Individuals with more beneficial traits will have a higher probability of surviving and reproducing.
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6
Q

Meiosis and fertilization of random gametes produces variation in each new generation within a population. This is an example of…

A

microevolution

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7
Q

phylogenetic trees are…

A

hypotheses only

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8
Q

___________ is rapid diversification and spread of species.

A

adaptive radiation

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9
Q

(t/f) vestigial structures are remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors.

A

true

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10
Q

(t/f) the chicken came before the egg.

A

false

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11
Q

select all of the following that are domains for prokaryotic organisms. (2)

A

archeae, bacteria

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12
Q

When building complex phylogenetic trees many possible outcomes could be correct. To decide which tree to is most likely true, scientists usually go with…

A

the simplest possible tree

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13
Q

match the following with their associated problems…

warm pond, meteorite hypothesis, deep sea hydrothermal vents

A

warm pond =
water tends to separate molecules rather than bring them together and UV light kills life in shallow water

meteorite hypothesis =
does not offer an explanation how complexity builds from monomers and the mixture of molecules (i.e. right vs left) should be represented in life, but is not

deep sea hydrothermal vents =
membranes cannot form due to high concentrations of calcium and magnesium and polymers stick to rocks on which they form

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14
Q

(t/f) Some biologists argue that horizontal gene transfer was so common that the early history of life should be represented as a tangled network of connected branches

A

true

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15
Q

Use the following character table to determine the proper sequence of species “a” through species “e”. Answers are listed from the top of the tree down.

A

e, a, b, d, c

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16
Q

(t/f) lamarck is considered the father of evolution

A

false

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17
Q

Match the following using the dichotomous key.

A

a = magnolia
c = elm
f = oak
g = chesnut

18
Q

Finches’ beak size on different islands are related to the seed size available on the respective islands (big beaks for big seeds, small beaks for small seeds). Medium beaks had difficulty retrieving small seeds and were also not tough enough for the bigger seeds, and were hence maladaptive. This is an example of _______________ selection.

A

disruptive

19
Q

Small populations have little genetic diversity. Mating among individuals is an example of…

A

inbreeding

20
Q

In the general population about 1 out of 5 people are born with blonde hair in the U.S. We’ll assume it is an autosomal recessive trait that requires individuals to be homozygous recessive. Based on this, approximately what percent of people are heterozygous?

A

49.5

21
Q

_____________ is the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

A

phylogeny

22
Q

Put the following in order starting with the broadest taxon. (8)

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specific epithet

23
Q

*Which of the top is a paraphyletic group?

A

group 2, missed one evolution animal

24
Q

Which of the following is false regarding evolution?

A

Experiments in reptiles have confirmed isolating populations increases evolutionary rates.

25
Q

Extremely low birth weights are not favored among humans, nor is extremely high birth weights. More humans survive and reproduce who are born with a more average birth weight. This is an example of _____________ selection.

A

stabillizing

26
Q

_____________ is similar inherited traits due to common ancestry.

A

homology

27
Q

In order for evolution to occur…

A

the population must change over time.

28
Q

Which of the following is not an assumption made by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A

mutations are passed to offspring

29
Q

(t/f) Trilobites are among the oldest know fossils.

A

false

30
Q

Which one of the statements is false? regarding natural selection

A

Natural selection creates new beneficial traits within a population.

31
Q

Select all of the following that are reasons why natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms. (2)

A
  • new advantageous traits do not arise on demand
  • adaptations are often compromises that result in strengths and weaknesses
32
Q

Humans developing land for industry and housing results in a reduction of a native hare population. This is called ___________.

A

bottleneck effect

33
Q

match the following to their definition…

fungi, plants, animals, bacteria/archaea

A

fungi = multicellular or unicellular, heterotroph, cell walls, asexual or sexual reproduction

plants = multicellular, autotroph, cell walls, sexual reproduction

animals = multicellular, heterotroph, no cell walls, sexual reproduction

bacteria/ archaea = unicellular, heterotroph or autotroph, cell walls, asexual reproduction

34
Q

__________________ results in new species due to separation by geographic barrier in which evolution occurs independently.

A

allopatric

35
Q

_____________ is similarities due to similar environmental pressures that lead to convergent evolution.

A

analogy

36
Q

Which of the following is the correct way to type a scientific name?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

37
Q

*Based upon this phylogenetic tree, which of the following is false?

A

chimps evolved into bonobos

38
Q

(t/f) Patterns of living things on Earth today should show more relatedness with proximity and less relatedness the more distal or more isolation through time.

A

true

39
Q

Adaptive change in a population over time is known as _________.

A

natural selection

40
Q

During migration some geese members get blown off course and settle in a previously uninhabited area. This is called ____________________.

A

founder effect

41
Q

Select all of the following that are evidences for evolution. (3)

A
  • Organisms on isolated land masses tend to evolve uniquely.
  • Anatomical structures should resemble that of earlier ancestral species with modifications due to adaptations.
  • The sequence in which fossils are found show transitions in morphology and speciation.
42
Q

Female birds will sometimes select the mate with the most varied song. This is an example of…

A

intersexual selection

biology 2 (5 decks)

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