exam three

Question 1

Cattle egrets stand around waiting for cows to stir up bugs while wading through the grass. This would be an example of _______________.

Answer 1

commensalism

Question 2

Areas of active cellular division of undifferentiated cells on plants is called…

Answer 2

meristems

Question 3

(t/f) seeds are the female reproductive part of the flower/cone.

Answer 3

false

Question 4

In order to maintain the health and stability of the central plains, fire must sweep through the area enough to curb invasive species and prevent ecological succession but not enough to destroy existing populations. This is known as…

Answer 4

intermediate disturbance

Question 5

(t/f) pollen is the base ingredient in honey.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

diatoms include which of the following?

Answer 6

These are organisms that are often members of phytoplankton having glass-like shells.

Question 7

Select the following that is not true. (transfer pollen)

Answer 7

Damp areas or standing water is required to transfer pollen in mosses.

Question 8

_____________[x] is the number of different species in an area, whereas ______________[y] is the number of different species in an area plus each one’s relative abundance.

Answer 8

x = richness
y = diversity

Question 9

which of the following is often responsible for red tides?

Answer 9

high levels of nutrients from fertilizers in agriculture cause algae to bloom poisoning marine habitats

Question 10

on average, 1/6 of the food we eat go toward…

Answer 10

adding/repairing tissue (biomass)

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of a keystone species?

Answer 11

Crickets are one of many herbivores that feed a wide variety of secondary consumers. These secondary consumers also feed on grasshoppers and various beetles. Plants that are vulnerable to cricket herbivory are also vulnerable to other arthropod primary consumers in the same area.

Question 12

__________________ support plants in shallow soils, such as in tropical rain forests.

Answer 12

buttress roots

Question 13

(t/f) Keystone species are those organisms that most members in an ecosystem depend on for survival.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Tendrils would be an example of ___________________.

Answer 14

thigmotropism

Question 15

Alternation of generations refers to…

Answer 15

plants have 1 generation that is haploid while the next generation is diploid.

Question 16

Plants take up nitrogen by which of the following?

Answer 16

bacterial fixation

Question 17

how do you age a tree?

Answer 17

count the tree rings

Question 18

(t/f) The position an organism occupies in the food chain is called its trophic level.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

Half of the food we eat…

Answer 19

exits the body in feces

Question 20

In a field of grass, there’s approximately 2000kg of grass. According to the 10% rule, if we assume that grasshoppers are the only herbivore eating grass in this field, it will support about how many kg of grasshoppers? (just record the number without the units)

Answer 20

200

Question 21

Due to a ___________[x], boundary between temperature gradient, water will __________[y] semiannually mixing oxygenated surface water with nutrient rich bottom water.

Answer 21

x = thermocline
y= turnover

Question 22

what’re the ecological steps in order for primary succession? (5)

Answer 22

lichens/mosses, grasses/forbs, shrubs, pines/aspen forests, broad leaf to deciduous forest

Question 23

According to the 10% rule, which of the following statements is false?

Answer 23

Eating meat reduces the amount of needed crop production overall.

Question 24

what’s true about angiosperms? (5)

Answer 24

produces flowers, produces fruit, has vascular tissue, produces pollen, produces seeds

Question 25

*know the flower parts

Answer 25

stigma, style, ovary, sepal, ovule, receptacle, petal, filament, anther

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding coral bleaching?

Answer 26

sensitivity to temperature and pollution result in absence of algae that provide nutrients

Question 27

____ support plants, such as corn, in loose soils

Answer 27

prop crops

Question 28

Which of the following is not an example of a keystone species?

Answer 28

Crickets are one of many herbivores that feed a wide variety of secondary consumers. These secondary consumers also feed on grasshoppers and various beetles. Plants that are vulnerable to cricket herbivory are also vulnerable to other arthropod primary consumers in the same area.

Question 29

According to the 10% rule, a lonely Swainson’s Hawk living in a field weighing about 1100 grams would require how many mice per year to sustain the it if each mouse weighs about 40 grams? _____________ mice

Answer 29

275

Question 30

select the following true about gymnosperms (4)

Answer 30

produces cones, produces seeds, has vascular tissue, produces pollen

Question 31

match the functions of the flower parts…

stigma, ovary, ovule, petal, stamen

Answer 31

stigma = where pollen attaches

ovary = develops into the fruit

ovule = develops into the seeds

petal = attracts pollenators

stamen = produces pollen

Question 32

___________ must germinate, reproduce, drop seeds, and die all in 1 year.

Answer 32

annuals

Question 33

Select all of the following that is true about the seedless vascular plants. (2)

Answer 33

has vascular tissue, must live close to water for reproduction

Question 34

what’s true about plants? (7)

Answer 34

• plants are a significant part of modern day
• pharmaceuticals
• plants are responsible for the majority of local rainfall
• plants help absorb pollution from the air and soil
• plants provide materials for building
• plants are the basis for all food chains on land
• plants pull carbon out of the atmosphere reducing the amount of CO2
• plants produce oxygen

Question 35

___________ are symbionts of either fungi and green algae or fungi and cyanobacteria.

Answer 35

lichens

Question 36

___________________ produce more xylem and phloem and increases the girth of the plant.

Answer 36

vascular cambium

Question 37

Which of the following is correct on flowering plants?

Answer 37

Flowering plants became the most successful plants because they not only produce seeds and pollen, but their pollen is carried by animals which is more efficient.

Question 38

match the functions of the following…

node, apical bud, axillary bud, stomata

Answer 38

node = where leaves are attached

apical bud = elongation of shoot

axillary bud = forms branch, thorn, or flower

stomata = provide gas exchange and transpiration

Question 39

What is the cause of a decline in photosynthetic protists on the sea surface?

Answer 39

warming surface water acts as a barrier to upwelling of nutrient rich ocean bottom water

Question 40

match the interspecific interaction…

mutualism, parasitism, commensalism, competition, predation, herbivory

Answer 40

mutualism ++
parasitism +-
commensalism +0
competition - -
predation +-
herbivory +-

Question 41

___________ are underground modified stems that are used for storage of carbs.

Answer 41

tubers

Question 42

Which of the following is not correct on competition for resources?

Answer 42

Competition for resources is the sole driver of adaptation of species.

Question 43

______________ are modified leaves for grasping in vines.

Answer 43

tendrils

Question 44

Dinoflagellates include which of the following?

Answer 44

These are organisms that are often phytoplankton, have 2 cellulose plates, and are responsible for “red tides” that poison marine coastal waters.

Question 45

match the definitions of prey adaptations…

mechanical, chemical, batesian mimicry, mullerian mimicry, cryptic

Answer 45

mechanical = prickles on a rose bush

chemical = bombardier beetle ejecting hot noxious liquid

Batesian mimicry = harmless red milk snake showing colors like a venomous coral snake

Mullerian mimicry = both the Viceory and Monarch butterflies are similar in color and unpalatable taste

cryptic = walking sticks are shaped and colored to blend in with branches