EXAM TERMS Flashcards

1
Q

Behavior Analysis

A

A natural science that studies functional relations between behavior and environmental events

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2
Q

Behavior

A

Behavior is everything that an organism does. The interaction of the muscles, glands, or other parts of a live organism with the environment

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3
Q

Public behavior

A

Behavior that can be observed by others, even though special instrumentation may be required at times.

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4
Q

Private behavior

A

Behavior that cannot be observed by others; it is only accessible to the organism who is engaging in the private event.

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5
Q

Response

A

A specific instance of behavior

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6
Q

Response cycle

A

The beginning, middle, and end of a resonse

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7
Q

Property

A

A fundamental quality of a natural phenomenon

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8
Q

Fundamental properties

A

Temporal Locus, Temporal Extent, Repeatability

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9
Q

Temporal Locus

A

A single response occurs in time

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10
Q

Temporal Extent

A

A response occupies time

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11
Q

Repeatability

A

A response can reoccur

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12
Q

Dimensional quantities

A

A quantifiable aspect of property

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13
Q

Latency

A

The amount of time between a stimulus and a response

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14
Q

Duration

A

The amount of time between the beginning and the end of the response cycle

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15
Q

Countability

A

The number of responses or number of cycles of the response class.

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16
Q

IRT

A

The time between two successive responses

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17
Q

Rate

A

The ratio of the number of responses over some period of time

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18
Q

Celeration

A

Change in one of the other dimensional quantities of behavior over time

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19
Q

Topography

A

Configuration, form, or shape of a response

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20
Q

Function

A

The effects or results of a response on the evironment

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21
Q

Response class

A

A grouping of individual actions or responses that share those commonalities included in the class definition

22
Q

Topographical Response Class

A

A collection of two or more responses which share a common form

23
Q

Functional Response Class

A

A collection of two or more topographically different responses that all have the same effect on the environment, usually producing a specific class of reinforcers

24
Q

Environment

A

The total constellation of stimuli and conditions which can affect behavior

25
Q

Environmental context

A

Consist of the situation (set of circumstances) in which behavior occurs at any given time.

26
Q

Stimulus

A

A change in the environment which can affect behavior

27
Q

Antecedent

A

A stimulus which precedes, that is, occurs before a response

28
Q

Consequence

A

A stimulus which follows, that is, occurs before a response

29
Q

Stimulus class

A

A group of stimuli that share specified common elements along formal, temporal and/or functional dimensions

30
Q

Functional relation

A

Changes in an antecedent or consequent stimulus class consistently alter a dimension of a response class

31
Q

Science

A

Science is a systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world

32
Q

Goals of Science

A

Description, Prediction, and control

33
Q

Natural Science

A

Empirical phenomena; direct observation & measurement of phenomena or its permanent products

34
Q

Types of natural science

A

Physics, chemistry, biology, behavior analysis

35
Q

Social Science

A

Hypothetical constructs outside of the natural realm; Indirect observation & measurement

36
Q

Types of social science

A

Psychology, sociology, political science

37
Q

Philosophical assumptions

A

Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, philosophical doubt, pragmatism

38
Q

Determinism

A

The universe is a lawful and orderly place

39
Q

Empiricism

A

Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior

40
Q

Experimentation

A

Systematic manipulation of an independent variable

41
Q

Replication

A

Repeating any part of an experiment

42
Q

Parsimony

A

Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered

43
Q

Philosophical Doubt

A

Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact

44
Q

Pragmatism

A

Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application

45
Q

Behaviorism

A

The philosophy or world view underlying behavior analysis. Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science

46
Q

Radical Behaviorism

A

B.F. Skinner’s philosophy of the science of human behavior. Most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis

47
Q

Determinants of Behavior

A

Causes of behavior; probabilistic

48
Q

Selection

A

The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction

49
Q

Natural Selection

A

The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on

50
Q

Cultural Selection

A

Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group.