EXAM TERMS 3 Flashcards
Extinction
The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior
Automaticity
Behavior is modified by its consequences irrespective of the person’s awareness
Premack Principle
If the opportunity to engage in a preferred or high probability behavior is made contingent on engaging in a less preferred behavior the future duration or frequency of the less preferred behavior will increase
Reinforcer
A stimulus that, when presented following a response, increases or maintains the future frequency of that response
Unconditioned Reinforcer
A stimulus that, usually is reinforcing without prior learning, that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance
Conditioned Reinforcer
A stimulus that initially has no innate reinforcing properties, but acquires pairing with uncondtioned reinforcers or powerful conditioned reinforcers
Generalized conditioned reinforcer
A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers and which is effective for a wide range of behaviors
Escape
Beahvior that terminates an aversive stimulus
Avoidance
Terminates a warning stimulus; prevents or delays the onset of the aversive stimulus
warning stimulus
A conditioned aversive stimulus whose presence is correlated with the upcoming onset of an unconditioned aversive stimulus
unsignaled avoidance
No clear warning stimulus, but a response can still delay or prevent the occurrence of the aversive event
Automatic reinforcement
The response itself directly produces the reinforcing consequence. That is, the consequence is not mediated by another person
Socially mediated reinforcement
the consequence is mediated by another person
Planned reinforcement
A person explicitly arranged the contingency
Unplanned reinforcement
The contingency was not explicitly arranged
Operant Extinction
The process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by withholding reinforcement
Operant Spontaneous Recovery
The sudden and temporary reappearance of a behavior following extinction
Resurgence
The reappearance of a previously extinguished behavior during the extinction of a more recently reinforced behavior
Unconditioned Punisher
A stimulus that, usually is punishing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance (genetics).
Conditioned Punisher
A stimulus that initially has no innate punishing properties, but acquires punishing properties through pairing with uncondtioned punishers or powerful conditioned punishers.
Positive Punishment
An environmental change in which a stimulus is added (presented) or magnified following a response that decreases the future frequency of that response
Negative Punishment
An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted (withdrawn, removed) or attenuated following a response, which decrease the future frequency of that behavior
Time-out from positive reinforcement
A procedure based on the principle of negative punishment; the orgranism cannot access (generally specified) reinforcers
Recovery from Punishment
The process by which a previously punished behavior is strengthened by withholding punishment
Stimulus control
A group of stimuli in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus
Uncondtioned motivating operations
A motivating operation whose value altering effect does not depend on learning history
Condtioned motivating operations
A motivating operation whose value altering effect depends on a learning history
Discriminative stimulus
An antecedent stimulus which evokes or abates a specific behavior, due to a past history of differential availability of reinforcement or punishment for that behavior, dependent on their presence versus their absence
Motivating operation
An environmental variable that alters the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and alters the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event
Operant Conditioning
The basic process by which operant learning occurs
Evoke
Behavior is likely to occur now, under the current condtions
Abate
Behavior is NOT likely to occur under the current condtions
Differential Reinforcement
Reinforcing only those responses within response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimensions and placing all other responses in the class on extinction
Differentiation
When differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing some responses and not reinforcing other responses
Discrimination
When differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing a response when certain stimuli are present and not reinforcing the same response when those stimuli are not present
Discriminative Control
The tendency of behavior to occur more frequently in the presence of a particular stimulus because that behavior has been reinforced only or mostly in the presence of that stimulus
Discriminated Operant
A operant class that is established through the process of differential reinforcement with respect to the presence or absence of antecedent stimuli
SD for SR
Discriminative stimulus for reinforcement; Evokes behavior because in the past that behavior has been reinforced in its presence
S^ for SR
Discriminative stimulus for extinction; Abates behavior because in the past that behavior has NOT been reinforced in its presence
SDP for SP
Discriminative stimulus for punishment; Abates behavior because in the past that behavior has been punished in its presence
S^P for SP
Discriminative stimulus for withholding punishment; Evokes behavior because in the past that behavior has NOT been punished in its presence
SDR+
Discriminative Stimulus for Positive Reinforcement
SDR-
Discriminative Stimulus for Negative Reinforcement
S^R+
Discriminative Stimulus for Extinction of Behavior Maintained by Positive Reinforcement
S^R-
Discriminative Stimulus for Extinction of Behavior Maintained by Negative Reinforcement
SDP+
Discriminative Stimulus for Positive Punishment
SDP-
Discriminative Stimulus for Negative Punishment
S^P+
Discriminative Stimulus for Unavailability of Positive Punishment
S^P-
Discriminative Stimulus for Unavailability of Negative Punishment
Conditional Discrimination
A discrimination in which reinforcing a response is contingent (conditional) on another stimulus
Stimulus Generalization
The tendency of a learned response to occur in the presence of stimuli which were not present during training but which either have some similar physical properties to the SD or have been associated with the SD
