EXAM study guide Notes Flashcards by madison Bronder

factors of industrial boom -

abundance of natural resources
government support for growing businesses
urban population= cheap labor & market

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new techniques for extracting natural resources =

bessemer process

new method to drill for oil

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social theory based on Darwin’s theory of biological evolution-natural selection; explains evolution of human society
“the strongest person/business will survive”

social darwinism

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federal law that stated the government has a right to regulate the RR industry

interstate commerce act

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describe the child labor -

children started to work long hours
they would work to help out family
lot of injuries & disease

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describe the factory working conditions -

dirty
long hours
little $$
disease

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government role in RR industry .. -

they gave them loans (because they saw it as a positive thing)

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so what happened when the govenrment gave the RR loans -

the RR had incredible growth in a short period of time

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businessmen roles in government -

they bailed out the RR industry from bankruptcy

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since the big businessmen bailed out RR, what happened to them?

they became even richer!

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process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements to regulate working conditions

collective bargaining

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method by which impurities are removed from iron ore to turn it into steel.
this method led to the mess production of steel and birth of new industries

bessemer process

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some new uses for natural resources -

barbed wire, farm machinery
skyscrapers
railroads ; bridges

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new inventions of the industrial revolution -

electricity
telegraph
typewriter
telephone

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how did electricity change lives ..

appliances
get things done faster
new jobs (especially women)
factories open 24 hrs

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how did the telegraph change lives ..

improved communication
perfected sending messages over wire
morse code

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how did the typewriter change lives …

changed how documents were kept
created new jobs
perfected sending messages over the wire

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how did the telephone change lives …

central switchboards

tons were in use

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he invented the light bulb …

middle name is Alva

Thomas Edison

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he created the typewriter

Christopher Sholes

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he created the telephone -

Alexander Graham Bell

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he ccreated morse code -

Samuel Morse

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preached salvation through service to the poor

Social Gospel movement

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an institution in an inner city are providing educational, recreational, & other social services to community

settlement house

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informal agreement between US & empire of Japan; whereby the US wouldn't impose restriction on Japanese immigration

gentlemen's agreement

substandard multi-family dwelling in the urban core (old and occupied by poor)

tenements

favoritism towards native americans

navitism

describe the tenements -

overcrowded dirty unsanitary disease

location of immigration station that immigrants had to pass in order to be admitted into the U.S.

ellis island

angel island

seperation of people on the basis of race

segregation

banned entry to all immigrants from China

chinese exclusion act

In San Francisco where immigrants (Chinese) gained admittance

angel island

government is hands off | not a lot to interfere

Laissez Faire

growth in cities

urbanization

reason for immigration -

because they think america is all great & will give them what they are looking for ...their freedom

push ...

getting pushed out of country

pull...

pulling you towards a country

so what were some "pushes" that pushed people away from their country -

religion perssecution war famine

so what are some "pulls" that pulled people to another country -

education freedom jobs

pioneer American settlement social workers, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leads women sufferage & peace one of the most influential people in the movement

jane adams

a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those

assimilation

a settlement house founded by Jane Adams

hull house

immigrant from denmark reporter/photographer exposed horrors of the tenements

Jacob Riis

the political machine goal was to get their candidate elected through ___________....

bribary fraud corruption

an era of serious problems masked by a thin gold lining -

gilded age

patronage system ... aka the ...

spoils system

it elected officials, appointed friends and supporters to govern. jobs in exchange for votes unqualified people working.

spoils system

American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall

Boss Tweed

illegal use of political influence for personal gain

graft

giving of government jobs to people who had helped a canidant get elected

patronage

an american author who inspired many young authors when he declared his independence (famous for literary work and "coining" this term)

Mark Twain

government administration

Civil service

tax

tariff

it raised tariffs to the highest rate ever

Mickenly Tariff Act

who did the Mickenly tariff act help & who did it hurt

helped businessmen | hurt everyone else

he was an african american reformer | and he was the 1st to receive doctorate

W.E.B Du Bois

it denounced all forms of discrimination

Niagra movement

he was also an african american reformer -

Booker T. Washington

a tax levied on every adult, without reference to their income or resources

poll tax

rule are said to have grandfather rights or acquired rights.

grandfather clause

was not a person; it sterotyped african americans a song

Jim Crow

"seperate but equal"

plessy vs. ferguson

it aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct social injustices in American Life a series of reforms that build and grow over time

progressive movement

18th amendment | getting rid of manufacturing and consuming alcohol -

prohibition

what role did the muckrackers play in creating economic reform -

they exposed the corruption in business and government

right to vote in public, economic elections

suffrage

regulates railroads

Elkins Act

plan to help regulate people because we are in an era of reform

square deal

4 goals of the progrssive movement -

protect social welfare promote social improvement create economic reform foster effciency

what is the strategy to achieve women suffrage

target individuals test 14 amendment National Constitutional Amendment

liquor industry feared women suffrage because ...

they thought women would vote in support of prohibition

textile industry feared women suffrage because ...

they would vote for restrictions on child labor

allows federal govern. to collect incoome tax

16 amendment

establishes direct election of senators by how many votes

17 amendment

prohibition f alcohol

18 amendment

women right to vote

19 amendment

law for other drug and food items and truth in advertising

pure food / drug act

prevents misbranded meat products from being sold as food to ensure that meat products are slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions

meat inspection act

an african american civil rights organization that promotes equality

NAACP

where Teddy used his role to influence media and shape legislation he's the "bully"

Bully Pulpit

focused on improving horrible conditions | a novel

the jungle

provides further specification of the antitrusts

Clayton Anti-trust act

central banking system of U.S,

Federal Reserve System

federal agencies to stop unfair trade and businesses

Federal Trade Commision

act of preserving and protecting

conservation

organization promoting prohibition

Anti-Saloon league

first mass organization among women devoted to social reform

WCTU

- known for its historic opposition to the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages - It is the oldest existing third party in the US. - was an integral part of the temperance movement.

prohibition party

a social and political reformer | she worked for children's rights

Florence Kelley

- tireless strategist & organizer - led a group of women to the polls in Rochester NY where she insisted on voting - She was arrested for civil disobedience= is a nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change it

Susan B Anthony

after Susan b Anthony had died.. she joined the movement as the new generation -her movement tried more radical strategies like picketing the White House

alice paul

she concentrated on 5 tactics | rebirth of national movement under her hands -

Carrie Chapman Catt

he wanted to make fair and square he gets involved & gives presidency more power had little concerns for african americans

Teddy Roosevelt

he is most well known for ... | for creating federal reserve system

Wilson

What amendment did Wilson pass?

16 amendment

what does Wilson fail to reform or didnt want to change -

african american rights he was racis

what is Taft known for -

dividing the republican party

does Taft get much done?

opened libraries, sponsored classes, built swimming pools; place to go for young men

YMCA

immigrants created communities consisting of ppl of same ethnicity -

ethnic communities

economic / political philosophy where gover. controls all the resources -

socialism

which wave of immigrants were from Ireland, Germany, England and France -

1st wave

this wave was known as "old immigrants"

first wave

this wave is known as "new immigration"

2nd immigration

which wave had ppl from Italy, Poland, Russia, and Hungary -

2nd wave

it created houses in same area as where people worked so they could achieve & get more done -

settlement movement

it was an entertainment show | in theaters -

vaudeville

organized campaign to eliminate consumption of alcohol -

temperance movement

describe the labor movement -

people spent most time in factories, and started to get annoyed. So they started a movement to try and fix the problems they had.

describe the distribution of wealth...

the rich got richer!! (big businessmen) | while others got poorer

reasons for expansion of American Industry Unions -

unsafe, awful conditions is causing more people to join the union

a bipartisan law that created civil service commission & makes sure people are elected fairly -

pendleton service act

it is nonviolent refusal to obey law in an effort to change it ex: Rosa Parks

civil disobedience

specific examples of Progressive reforms -

banning alcohol creating YMCA reforming elections