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Chemistry > Exam Revision > Flashcards

Exam Revision Flashcards

1
Q

acid

A

A substance that produces hydrogen ions in solution

Arrhenius

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2
Q

acidity

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

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3
Q

activation energy

A

The minimum energy required by the reactants for the reaction to occur.
Ea
This energy is required to break the bonds of the reactants.

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4
Q

Active Site

A

The specific part of the enzyme with which the reactant can interact.

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5
Q

Addition Reaction

A

A reactant in which a molecule binds to an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

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6
Q

Alkali

A

Soluble base

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7
Q

Alkali Metal

A

Group 1 metals

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8
Q

Alkane

A

Saturated hydrocarbon. (No multiple bonds )

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9
Q

Alkene

A

Hydrocarbon with at least one double bond

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10
Q

Allotrope

A

Different forms of the same element

e.g. diamond and graphite for carbon

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11
Q

Alloy

A

Mixture of metals

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12
Q

Amorphous

A

A structure that has no consistent arrangement of atoms.

carbon - charcoal.

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13
Q

Anion

A

negative ion

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14
Q

Arrhenius theory

A

Acid makes hydrogen ions

Bases make hydroxide ions

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15
Q

Asymmetrical molecule

A

A molecule in which the polar bonds are not evenly distributed

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16
Q

Atom

A

The basic building block of matter.

Made up of protons, neutrons and electrons.

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17
Q

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS

A

An analytical technique that uses light absoption to measure the concentration of a metal in a sample.

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18
Q

Avagadro’s Law

A

At the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases have the same number of particles.

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19
Q

Base

A

A substance that produces a hydroxide ion in solution

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20
Q

carbon-12

A

the isotope of carbon that has a mass no of 12.

1 carbon 12 atom has an atomic mass of exactly 12 a.m.u. (atomic mass units )

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21
Q

catalysis

A

The increase of the rate of a chemical reaction due to the presence of a catalyst.

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22
Q

catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of a reaction, but is not consumed by the reaction.

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23
Q

cation

A

positive ion

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24
Q

centrifugation

A

A separation process that uses the action of rapid rotation to accelerate the settling of particles in a solid-liquid mixture.

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25
chemical energy
Form of energy stored in chemical bonds between atoms and molecules ( 1 and 2 bonding)
26
Chromatography
A technique for separating the components of a mixture. | using mobile phase/stationary phase.
27
Combustion
Rapid reaction with oxygen
28
Compound
A pure substance that is made up of different types of atoms in a fixed ratio
29
Concentrated solution
A solution with relatively high amount of solute to solvent.
30
Concentration
How much solute is dissolved in a specific volume of solvent | per litre, per millilitre
31
Conductivity
permitting the flow of electric charges | electrons or ions
32
controlled variable
variable kept constant to make investigation fair.
33
Core Charge
Effective Nuclear Charge The nuclear charge felt by the valence (outer) electrons They are shielded by electrons in the inner shells.
34
Covalent Bond
The force of attraction when one or more pairs of electrons are shared between two nucleii.
35
Covalent Network Lattice
The arrangement of ATOMS in a lattice in which their are strong covalent bonds between the atoms in all three dimensions. e.g. diamond
36
Decantation
A separation process in which a layer of liquid is separated from the solid that has settled to the bottom of the liquid.
37
Decomposition Reaction
A reaction in which a compound is broken down into smaller parts.
38
delocalised electron
An electron that is not restricted to the region between two atoms. e.g. metals
39
Density
mass per unit volume e.g. grams/litre
40
Desorption
The breaking of attraction between a substance and the surface to which it has adsorbed
41
Dependent Variable
The variable that is measured or observed.
42
Diffusion
All the gases in a gas mixture spread to fill the available space.
43
Dilute solution
A solution that has a relatively low amount of solute per amount of solvent.
44
Dilution
The addition of solvent to a solution to reduce its concentration.
45
Dipole
The separation of positive and negative charges.
46
Dipole - Dipole bond
An intermolecular ( between molecules) that occurs between polar molecules.
47
Diprotic acid
An acid that makes 2 hydrogen ions
48
Dispersion bonds
The force of attraction between molecules due to temporary dipoles induced in the molecules.
49
Distillation
A method of separation of a solution by evaporating, condensing and collecting. (Usually liquids) The substance with the lowest bpt comes off first
50
Ductile
can be drawn into a wire
51
Elastic collision
a collision between particles that keeps their KE the same
52
Electrolyte
A solution or molten substance that conducts electricity. | i.e. has ions.
53
Electromagnetic Radiation
A form of energy what moves through space. | e.g. light
54
Electron density
The concentration of electrons in areas around the nucleus. | Usually refers to molecules
55
Electron dot diagram
Lewis diagram. | Show how the electrons are arranged inside a molecule/ion.
56
Electron shell
A fixed energy level that corresponds to a circular orbit around the nucleus of the electrons.
57
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract electrons ( in a covalent bond).
58
Electrostatic attraction
The force of attraction between a positively charged particle and a negatively charged particle
59
Element
A substance made up of atoms with the same atomic number. | e.g. no of protons
60
eluent
The solvent that carries the components and passes through a chromatography column.
61
Emission spectrum
A spectrum produced when an element is excited by heat or radiation.
62
Empirical formula
A compound's formula in simplest ratio. C5H10 = CH2
63
Endothermic reaction
A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings
64
Energy level
One of the different shells of an atom in which an electron can be found
65
Enthalpy
Heat content. | The sum of the chemical potential and kinetic energies in a substance.
66
Enzyme
biological catalyst
67
Exothermic
A reaction that releases energy into the surroundings
68
Filtrate
The purified liquid that passes through the filter paper.
69
filtration
The process of removing solids from a liquid or gas (fluid). Uses a mesh or filter.
70
First ionization energy
The energy required to remove one electron from an atom (in the gas phase.)
71
Flocculation
The process when small particles come together to form larger, heavier particles. Water treatment
72
Fractional distillation
A form of distillation that separates a solution of different liquids. ( different bpts)
73
Geometric isomer
A type of stereoisomer that occurs around a double bond | Cis or trans
74
Graphite
an allotrope of carbon in which the carbon atoms form layers.
75
Ground state
A atom with electrons in the lowest possible energy levels
76
Group
Vertical column of the periodic table
77
Heat capacity
A measure of a substance's ability to absorb heat.
78
Heat of combustion
The enthalpy change that occurs when 1 L of fuel is burnt completely in oxygen.
79
Heat of reaction
Enthalpy change. Exchange of heat between the system and the surroundings ^H. can be positive or negative
80
Heterogeneous
different | May have different phases e.g. liquid and solids
81
HPLC High performance Liquid Chromatography
Very sensitive technique used to separate the components in a mixture, identify the components measure their concentrations

Chemistry (15 decks)

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