Essential Definitions Flashcards
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom in a covalent bond to attract electrons towards itself.
Isomer
Two ( or more ) compounds that have the same formula but different arrangement of atoms.
They will have different properties.
Effective Nuclear Charge
the apparent nuclear charge experienced by the outer, valence electrons, as a result of SHIELDING by the inner shell electrons.
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Intra vs Inter molecular forces
Intra = WITHIN the molecule - covalent
Inter = BETWEEN the molecule - H bond, dipole, dispersion
Allotrope
Different forms of the same atom in which the atoms are arranged in different ways.
Atomic Number
Number of particles in the nucleus of an atom
Protons + Neutrons
Alloy
Mixture of metals
Homogenous Mixtures
Uniform - the particles are evenly distributed.
e.g. solutions
Heterogenous Mixtures
Different - the particles are not evenly distributed
e.g. suspension of oil in water
Activation Energy
Transition State
The minimum energy required by reactants for the reaction to occur.
This energy breaks the bonds between atoms in the reactants.
Electrolyte
A solution or molten liquid that conducts electricity because it has free ions.
Ideal Gas
Real Gas
A theoretical gas that obeys the gas laws at all temperatures and pressures
A real gas does not always obey these laws.
Polar
Bonds or molecules that have a permanent dipole
i.e. they have an uneven distribution of charge.
Potable water
water suitable for drinking
