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Chemistry > Atoms and Elements Ch 1-4 Pearson > Flashcards

Atoms and Elements Ch 1-4 Pearson Flashcards

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1
Q

materials (d)

A

substances used to make objects.

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2
Q

2 types of materials are

A

pure substances (elements and compounds) or mixtures

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3
Q

Materials with distinct and measurable properties like melting points or density

A

pure substances

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4
Q

Materials that have variable properties depending on the relative amounts of substances present

A

mixture

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5
Q

Melting point and boiling point, density, hardness are all ________ properties.

A

physical

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6
Q

Two types of pure substances

A

elements and compounds

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7
Q

Compound

A

two or more elements chemically combined

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8
Q

Chemical formula

A

shows the elements present in a compound and the ratio between them

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9
Q

Separation techniques use __________ properties of substances to separate them

A

physical

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10
Q

Separation techniques use these physical properties

5

A

particle size, solubility, density, magnetism and boiling point

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11
Q

Nanoparticles

A

particles that are 1-100 nm in diameter.

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12
Q

Nanometre

A

1 x 10 -9 metres

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13
Q

Is wood a material? Why?

A

Yes. It is used to make other objects like houses.

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14
Q

Is carbon dioxide a material? Why?

A

No. No objects are made of carbon dioxide.

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15
Q

Elements

A

sustance made up of one type of atom.

Atoms are the same type if they have the same number of protons. Neutrons and electrons may differ.

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16
Q

Atom 1 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
Atom 2 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons.
Are they the same type of atom?

A

Yes. They have the same number of protons

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17
Q

Atom 1 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
Atom 2 has 5 protons and 6 neutrons.
Are they the same type of atom?

A

No. They have different number of protons.

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18
Q

Can you change the melting point of an element?

A

No

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19
Q

Can you change the melting point of a compound?

A

No

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20
Q

Can you change the melting point of a mixture

A

Yes -change the ratio of components

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21
Q

Metal

A

a substance with high electrical and thermal conductivity and lustre ( reflects light when freshly prepared). Also ususally malleable and ductile

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22
Q

Metals found pure on Earth

A

gold, silver copper

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23
Q

alloy

A

a mixture of a metal and other metals or carbon

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24
Q

Steel is an alloy of what two main elements?

A

iron and carbon

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25
Q

polymer

A

a substance made up of repeating smaller units bonded together

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26
Q

Polymers may be natural or man made. Classify the following as natural or man made.
WOOL PLASTIC RUBBER NYLON SILK POLYSTYRENE

A

In order:

N MM N MM N MM

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27
Q

Ceramic

A

Inorganic, non-metal solid. Made from firing clay

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28
Q

Bonds in ceramics

A

ionic and covalent

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29
Q

Properties of ceramics

A

hard and brittle. Can withstand high temps. Most good insulators - some semi or superconductors.

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30
Q

What is nanotechnology?

A

study of materials on the nanoscale. 10 x -9

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31
Q

How large is a nanometre?

A

a billionth of a metre

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32
Q

How big are nanoparticles

A

Diameter of 1 - 100 nm

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33
Q

Why can nanoparticle be useful or harmful to humans?

A

Can pass through air, skin and cells

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34
Q

Separation techniques use ________ and ________ properties to separate a mixture of substances

A

physical and chemical

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35
Q

Physical property used to separate a mixture.

M________

A

melting point

36
Q

Physcial propery used to separate a mixture

S________

A

solubility

37
Q

Physicial property used to separate a mixture

B_________

A

boiling point

38
Q

Physical property used to separate a mixture
P________ S____.
This method is called _______

A

particle size

sieving

39
Q

Physical property used to separate a mixture

E_________ C______

A

electrical charge

40
Q

Metal that can come in different colours based on particle sizes

A

gold

41
Q

Separation techniques that rely on particle size.

2

A

sieving

filtering - gravitational or vacuum.

42
Q

Method used to separate particles of different sizes

A

sieving

43
Q

Method used to remove lumps in flour

A

sieving

44
Q

Method used in crushing ore

A

sieving

45
Q

Method used to separate solids from liquids and gases.

A

filtering

46
Q

Example of separation technique: extraction fan or vacuum cleaner

A

filtering

47
Q

This method uses the weight of the mixture to push the liquid through the filter paper.

A

gravitational filtering

48
Q

Draw a labelled diagram of gravitational filtering

A

Labels: filter paper, filter funnel, residue, conical flask, filtrate.

49
Q

Advantage of vacuum filtering over gravitational filtering

A

faster

50
Q

funnel used in vacuum filtering

A

Buchner

51
Q

Why does a buchner funnel have a flat bottom.

A

increase surface area for water to move through.

52
Q

Why does vacuum filtering require a rubber seal?

A

needs a seal for vacuum to work.

53
Q

Draw a labelled diagram of vacuum filtration equipment.

A

see page 14

54
Q

These two techniques use the density of two substances to separate them

A

sedimentation and decantation

55
Q

Write the formula for density

A

mass / volume g/L or g/mL

56
Q

Liquid A is more dense than Liquid B.

Which substance would sink to the bottom if mixed?

A

Liquid A

57
Q

If sand, rocks and clay are dropped into a large beaker of water, what would you observe after:

a. 10 minutes.
b. 10 days

A

a. rocks and most of the sand have sunk to the bottom. The clay is still floating in the water.
b. The sand and rocks have sunk to the bottom and some of the clay. Most of the fine particles are still floating.

58
Q

The process of letting clay settle is called _______ .

It is a type of G___________ separation.

A

Sedimentation gravitational

59
Q

The material that settles onto the bottom of a beaker is called __________.

A

sediment

60
Q

the process of pouring liquid from sediment

A

decantation

61
Q

List one advantage and one disadvantage for decantation

A

a. cheap

b. not efficient. Not well separated.

62
Q

List two examples of decantation

A

a. Water treatment of sewage

b. Wine.

63
Q

Method to separate two immiscible (do not dissolve in each other) liquids.

A

separation funnel

64
Q

Example of when a separation funnel is used.

A

separating fragrances from oils.

65
Q

A method to speed up sedimentation by spinning the mixture rapidly

A

centrifugation

66
Q

Example of when centrifugation is used

A

separating blood cells from plasma.

67
Q

Two methods of using boiling points to separate mixtures.

A

Evaporation and distillation

68
Q

The liquid that dissolves another substance

A

solvent

69
Q

The substance that is dissolved in a fluid.

A

solute

70
Q

A homologous mixture of solvent and solute

A

solution

71
Q

A method used to separate a soluble substance from a liquid

A

exaporation

72
Q

Substance produced when evaporated from saline water

A

salt

73
Q

Draw a diagram of distillation equipment

A

see page 17

74
Q

What is a condenser?

A

The piece of equipment that cools the vapour in distillation.

75
Q

Technique used to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points.

A

distillation

76
Q

A technique used to separate many liquids with only slightly different boiling points

A

fractional distillation

77
Q

Essential piece of equipment used in fractional distillation.

A

fractionating column

78
Q

A process that uses electrostatic charges to separate particles

A

Electrostatic separation

79
Q

A process to separate smoke particles from clean air

A

electrostatic separation

80
Q

A separation technique that separates substances based on how they interact with a solid phase.

A

Chromatography

81
Q

Two liquids that mix (dissolve) in each other

A

Miscible

82
Q

Two liquids that don’t mix (dissolve) in each other

A

Immiscible

83
Q

A rock that contains a valuable mineral

A

ore

84
Q

A two dimensional honeycomb layer of C atoms

A

Graphene

85
Q

A chemical compound that contains a valuable metal

A

Mineral

Chemistry (15 decks)

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