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Chemistry > Atoms and Elements Ch 1-4 Pearson > Flashcards

Atoms and Elements Ch 1-4 Pearson Flashcards

1
Q

materials (d)

A

substances used to make objects.

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2
Q

2 types of materials are

A

pure substances (elements and compounds) or mixtures

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3
Q

Materials with distinct and measurable properties like melting points or density

A

pure substances

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4
Q

Materials that have variable properties depending on the relative amounts of substances present

A

mixture

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5
Q

Melting point and boiling point, density, hardness are all ________ properties.

A

physical

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6
Q

Two types of pure substances

A

elements and compounds

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7
Q

Compound

A

two or more elements chemically combined

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8
Q

Chemical formula

A

shows the elements present in a compound and the ratio between them

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9
Q

Separation techniques use __________ properties of substances to separate them

A

physical

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10
Q

Separation techniques use these physical properties

5

A

particle size, solubility, density, magnetism and boiling point

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11
Q

Nanoparticles

A

particles that are 1-100 nm in diameter.

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12
Q

Nanometre

A

1 x 10 -9 metres

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13
Q

Is wood a material? Why?

A

Yes. It is used to make other objects like houses.

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14
Q

Is carbon dioxide a material? Why?

A

No. No objects are made of carbon dioxide.

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15
Q

Elements

A

sustance made up of one type of atom.

Atoms are the same type if they have the same number of protons. Neutrons and electrons may differ.

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16
Q

Atom 1 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons.
Atom 2 has 6 protons and 7 neutrons.
Are they the same type of atom?

A

Yes. They have the same number of protons

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17
Q

Atom 1 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
Atom 2 has 5 protons and 6 neutrons.
Are they the same type of atom?

A

No. They have different number of protons.

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18
Q

Can you change the melting point of an element?

A

No

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19
Q

Can you change the melting point of a compound?

A

No

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20
Q

Can you change the melting point of a mixture

A

Yes -change the ratio of components

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21
Q

Metal

A

a substance with high electrical and thermal conductivity and lustre ( reflects light when freshly prepared). Also ususally malleable and ductile

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22
Q

Metals found pure on Earth

A

gold, silver copper

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23
Q

alloy

A

a mixture of a metal and other metals or carbon

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24
Q

Steel is an alloy of what two main elements?

A

iron and carbon

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25
polymer
a substance made up of repeating smaller units bonded together
26
Polymers may be natural or man made. Classify the following as natural or man made. WOOL PLASTIC RUBBER NYLON SILK POLYSTYRENE
In order: | N MM N MM N MM
27
Ceramic
Inorganic, non-metal solid. Made from firing clay
28
Bonds in ceramics
ionic and covalent
29
Properties of ceramics
hard and brittle. Can withstand high temps. Most good insulators - some semi or superconductors.
30
What is nanotechnology?
study of materials on the nanoscale. 10 x -9
31
How large is a nanometre?
a billionth of a metre
32
How big are nanoparticles
Diameter of 1 - 100 nm
33
Why can nanoparticle be useful or harmful to humans?
Can pass through air, skin and cells
34
Separation techniques use ________ and ________ properties to separate a mixture of substances
physical and chemical
35
Physical property used to separate a mixture. | M________
melting point
36
Physcial propery used to separate a mixture | S________
solubility
37
Physicial property used to separate a mixture | B_________
boiling point
38
Physical property used to separate a mixture P________ S____. This method is called _______
particle size | sieving
39
Physical property used to separate a mixture | E_________ C______
electrical charge
40
Metal that can come in different colours based on particle sizes
gold
41
Separation techniques that rely on particle size. | 2
sieving | filtering - gravitational or vacuum.
42
Method used to separate particles of different sizes
sieving
43
Method used to remove lumps in flour
sieving
44
Method used in crushing ore
sieving
45
Method used to separate solids from liquids and gases.
filtering
46
Example of separation technique: extraction fan or vacuum cleaner
filtering
47
This method uses the weight of the mixture to push the liquid through the filter paper.
gravitational filtering
48
Draw a labelled diagram of gravitational filtering
Labels: filter paper, filter funnel, residue, conical flask, filtrate.
49
Advantage of vacuum filtering over gravitational filtering
faster
50
funnel used in vacuum filtering
Buchner
51
Why does a buchner funnel have a flat bottom.
increase surface area for water to move through.
52
Why does vacuum filtering require a rubber seal?
needs a seal for vacuum to work.
53
Draw a labelled diagram of vacuum filtration equipment.
see page 14
54
These two techniques use the density of two substances to separate them
sedimentation and decantation
55
Write the formula for density
mass / volume g/L or g/mL
56
Liquid A is more dense than Liquid B. | Which substance would sink to the bottom if mixed?
Liquid A
57
If sand, rocks and clay are dropped into a large beaker of water, what would you observe after: a. 10 minutes. b. 10 days
a. rocks and most of the sand have sunk to the bottom. The clay is still floating in the water. b. The sand and rocks have sunk to the bottom and some of the clay. Most of the fine particles are still floating.
58
The process of letting clay settle is called _______ . | It is a type of G___________ separation.
Sedimentation gravitational
59
The material that settles onto the bottom of a beaker is called __________.
sediment
60
the process of pouring liquid from sediment
decantation
61
List one advantage and one disadvantage for decantation
a. cheap | b. not efficient. Not well separated.
62
List two examples of decantation
a. Water treatment of sewage | b. Wine.
63
Method to separate two immiscible (do not dissolve in each other) liquids.
separation funnel
64
Example of when a separation funnel is used.
separating fragrances from oils.
65
A method to speed up sedimentation by spinning the mixture rapidly
centrifugation
66
Example of when centrifugation is used
separating blood cells from plasma.
67
Two methods of using boiling points to separate mixtures.
Evaporation and distillation
68
The liquid that dissolves another substance
solvent
69
The substance that is dissolved in a fluid.
solute
70
A homologous mixture of solvent and solute
solution
71
A method used to separate a soluble substance from a liquid
exaporation
72
Substance produced when evaporated from saline water
salt
73
Draw a diagram of distillation equipment
see page 17
74
What is a condenser?
The piece of equipment that cools the vapour in distillation.
75
Technique used to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points.
distillation
76
A technique used to separate many liquids with only slightly different boiling points
fractional distillation
77
Essential piece of equipment used in fractional distillation.
fractionating column
78
A process that uses electrostatic charges to separate particles
Electrostatic separation
79
A process to separate smoke particles from clean air
electrostatic separation
80
A separation technique that separates substances based on how they interact with a solid phase.
Chromatography
81
Two liquids that mix (dissolve) in each other
Miscible
82
Two liquids that don't mix (dissolve) in each other
Immiscible
83
A rock that contains a valuable mineral
ore
84
A two dimensional honeycomb layer of C atoms
Graphene
85
A chemical compound that contains a valuable metal
Mineral

Chemistry (15 decks)

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