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Chemistry > Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Acids and Bases Flashcards

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1
Q

acid

A

A substance capable of producing hydrogen ions in solution (Arr)
or donating a hydrogen ion (BL)

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2
Q

acid-base reaction

A

A reaction in which an acid reacts with a base

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3
Q

acid rain

A

Rainwater that has reacted with acidic emissions and has a pH less that 5.5

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4
Q

acidic solution

A

An aqueous solution in which the concentration of Hydrogen ions (H+) is greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-)
At 25 C , pH < 7

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5
Q

acidification

A

An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations causing an increase in the acidity of the oceans.

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6
Q

acidity

A

The concentration of H+ ions in an aqueous solution.

Acidity is measured in the pH scale

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7
Q

alkali

A

A SOLUBLE base or solution of a soluble base.

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8
Q

Arrhenius Model

A

A model that defines an acid as a substance that ionises water to produce H+ ions and a base as a substance that dissociates in water to form OH- ions.

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9
Q

Base

A

A substance capable of producing hydroxide ions in solution (Arr)
A substance that can accept a proton (BL)

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10
Q

Basic solution

A

An aqueous solution in which [H+] < [OH-]
I.e. the concentration of OH - is higher than H+.
pH > 7

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11
Q

Bronsted- Lowry Model

A

A compound that transfers a proton is an acid

A compound that accepts the proton is a base.

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12
Q

diprotic acid

A

An acid that can ionise in water to give 2 H+ ions.

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13
Q

dissociation

A

A process in which molecules or ionic compounds separate or split into smaller particles such as atoms or ions.
E.g. NaCl — Na+ + Cl-

HCl —- H+ + Cl-

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14
Q

hydroxide ion

A

OH- ion.

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15
Q

indicator

A

A substance that is different colours in its acid and base forms.

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16
Q

ionisation

A
  1. The removal of one or more electrons from an atom or ion.

2. The reaction of a molecular substance with a solvent (usually water) to form ions in solution.

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17
Q

limewater test

A

A test for carbon dioxide.

Bubbles gas through a solution of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. The limewater turns milky with CO2.

18
Q

Limiting reagent

A

A reactant that is completely consumed in a reaction and which determines the amount of products formed.

19
Q

Monoprotic acid

A

An acid molecule that generates only one hydrogen ion when ionized in water.

20
Q

What taste does an acid have?

A

Sour

21
Q

diprotic acid

A

an acid that ionizes to give 2 protons per molecule

22
Q

triprotic acid

A

an acid that ionizes to give 3 protons

23
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that ionizes/dissociates to give ions in solution

24
Q

Neutralization

A

A reaction of an acid and a base to give salt and water.

25
Q

Why did Arrhenius theory need to be improved?

A

It did not explain:

a. Why some substances that don’t contain hydrogen ions (protons) can still make acidic solutions. SO2 and CO2
b. Why some substances that don’t contain hydroxide ions still make a basic solution. NH3

26
Q

Strong acid

A

Completely dissociates/ionizes in water.

e.g. HCl, H2SO4 HNO3

27
Q

Strong base

A

Completely dissolves in water to give hydroxide ions

e.g. NaOH

28
Q

Weak acid

A

An acid that does NOT completely ionize in water.

e.g. vinegar - ethanoic acid does not completely ionize.

29
Q

Weak base

A

A base that does not completely ionize in water to make hydroxide ions

30
Q

Concentration - dilute vs concentrated.

A

Dilute - a small amount of solute dissolved in solvent

Concentrated - a large amount of solute dissolved in solvent

31
Q

pH scale

A

a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions

range is 0 7 14
acid neutral base

pH = -log10 [H+]

32
Q

Acid + Carbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

33
Q

Acid + Hydrogencarbonate

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

34
Q

acid + metal

A

salt + hydrogen gas

35
Q

Salt

A

A metal ion and negative ion

Usually made from replacing the hydrogen ion/s in an acid

36
Q

Test for carbonate salts

A
  1. Add acid to salt
  2. Bubble gas produced through limewater Ca(OH)2
  3. Solution of limewater will go cloudy if gas is CO2.

Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3 (s) + H2O

37
Q

Reactive metal

A

A metal that reacts easily with acids to make hydrogen gas.

e.g. calcium, magnesium, sodium

NOT gold, silver, copper

38
Q

Reaction of ammonia with water

A

NH3 + H2O = NH4 + + OH-

39
Q

How could you distinguish between and acid and a base using litmus paper?

A

An acid turns indicator red

A base turns indicator blue

40
Q

spectator ions

A

ions that do not participate in a chemical reaction

41
Q

Ionization

A

When a substance reacts with water to make ions

Chemistry (15 decks)

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