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Oral Comm - kco > exam reviewer > Flashcards

exam reviewer Flashcards

1
Q

communication comes from the old french word:

A

communicacion

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2
Q

this latin word means to share, divide out, communicate, impart, inform, join, unite, participate in

A

communicare

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3
Q

whose definition is this?

Communication as the sharing of meaning by sending and receiving symbolic cues

A

grice and skinner - 2010

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4
Q

whose definition is this?

Communication as a dynamic process in which people attempt to share their internal states with other people through the use of symbols.

A

Samovar, Porter, and McDaniel (2010)

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5
Q

whose definition is this?

Communication as an interdependent process of sending, receiving, and understanding messages.

A

Dunn and Goodnight (2003)

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6
Q

who gave four salient functions of communication?

A

Samovar et al. (2010)

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7
Q

This type of communication is unstructured and spontaneous. It is more difficult to understand and to do as it is not always something we can control.

A

non-verbal communication

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8
Q

Types of non-verbal communication: 8

FGBPPEHA

A

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
GESTURES
BODY LANGUAGE
PROXEMICS
PARALINGUISTICS
EYE GAZE
HAPTICS
APPEARANCE

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9
Q

an interaction in which words are used to relay a message

A

verbal communication

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10
Q

in verbal communication, you should take note or be aware of the following:

ABCEV

A

APPROPRIATENESS
BREVITY
CLARITY
ETHICS
VIVIDNESS

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11
Q

Communication has 2 levels of meaning:

A

content and relationship

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12
Q

types of communication tenets:
DICCTLS

A

dynamic
irreversible
contextualized
continuous
transaction
learned
sharing of meanings

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13
Q

How many stages are there before we reach the point of understanding?

A

6 stages

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14
Q

what are the communication processes

IETRDF

A

Idea - i think
Encode - I deliberate
Transmission - I throw
Receiving - I obtain
Decoding - I interpret
Feedback - I react

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15
Q

What is sent through a channel and media?

A

message

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16
Q

what do u call everything that you have learned and experienced. This plays a part in how we perceive or receive messages?

A

Schema/Schemata

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17
Q

Who is the first one to explain communication graphically?

A

aristotle

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18
Q

whose model of communication is linear and only has one direction?

A

aristotle

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19
Q

It is not static, it is always moving, it not fixed, and always changing

A

communication is dynamic

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20
Q

ideas communicated to others cannot be taken back

A

communication is irreversible

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21
Q

say the right word to the right person at the right time
→ it may occur in various settings and circumstances

A

Communication is contextualized

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22
Q

who said

“If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception, I would hope to keep my power of communication— for by it I would regain all rest.”

A

daniel webster

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23
Q

→ it may involve constant interaction between the sender and the receiver
→ it’s never ending; wherever you are, whatever you do, communication is always there
→ it is a continuous process of sharing information to a person or to a group of persons

A

Communication is continuous

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24
Q

since it is continuous, there is a constant reversal of roles for the sender and the receiver
→ it is always a two-way process and that acknowledges the active participation of both the sender and the receiver

A

Communication is transactional

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25
Q

→ it can be mastered through practice
→ practice makes it perfect

A

Communication is learned

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26
Q

→ effective communication requires that both parties are on the same page
→ for them to be able to share, both of them should be in the same page

A

Communication is shared meanings

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27
Q

sender is to?

A

receiver

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28
Q

Speaker is to?

A

listener

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29
Q

→responsible for the huge portion of the non verbal communication and that’s our face
→consider how much information can be conveyed when someone is smiling or frowning

A

facial expressions

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29
Q

writer is to?

A

reader

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30
Q

→ a movement of part of the body to express an idea or meaning
→ is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel with spoken words.

A

Gestures

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31
Q

→ is the use of physical behavior, expressions, and mannerisms to communicate non-verbally

A

Body Language

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32
Q

→ something to do with distance →it is affected by social norms, situational factors, personal characteristics, and level of familiarity

A

Proxemics

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33
Q

→ refers to your vocal communication
→it’s about the sound: tone, loudness, and pitch of your voice

A

paralinguistics

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34
Q

Eye Gaze
→ The eyes play a role in nonverbal communication, with ⁃such things as looking, staring, and blinking being important cues.

A

Eye Gaze

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35
Q

what is a branch of nonverbal communication that refers to the ways in which people and animals communicate and interact via the sense of touch

A

Haptics

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36
Q

→Our choice of clothing, hairstyle, and other appearance factors are also considered a means of nonverbal communication

A

appearance

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37
Q

it is the sutdy of time

A

chronemics

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38
Q

it is rule specific and almost always planned

A

verbal communication

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39
Q

what are the two types of verbal forms of comm?

A

passive and active

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40
Q

→ verbal forms of communication should fit the context it is used shows what characteristic?

A

Appropriateness

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41
Q

→ from the word brief
→ simple, but precise and meaningful
→ keep it short and simple

A

brevity

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41
Q

→ consider GREPS (gender, roles, ethnicity, preference ,status)
→ your language should be appropriate

A

Ethics

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42
Q

Focus on the concrete rather than the abstract
→ you must create and leave a picture in the mind of your audience

A

vividness

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43
Q

who created the 9cs?

A

chez misko

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44
Q

wat is knowing which medium is available at your disposal, and determining which of these may be considered, as the most effective way that would make your message reach your intended audience

A

choosing the right medium

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45
Q

→should be understandable
→refers to avoiding being vague or unclear with what you are communicating;

A

Clarity

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46
Q

→ both the verbal and nonverbal should compliment each other

A

Congruency

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47
Q

→ suggests that after you have communicated the message to the other person, you have to find ways in testing your receiver to verify or confirm that the message was indeed received, in the truest sense of the word.

A

Checking for understanding

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48
Q

→ both the audience and speaker should be speaking the same language so there will be an understanding

A

common language

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49
Q

→ message that you want to delive

A

Content

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50
Q

→ what the speaker had already said before should be the same if she’s going to say about the same topic

A

Consistency

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51
Q

→ you have to be direct to the point and don’t use unnecessary words

A

Conciseness

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52
Q

→ the language used should fit into the audience you’re talking to

A

Considering your audience

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53
Q

what is a process and series of steps of something or someone has to undergo in order to achieve something

A

communication process

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54
Q

→ the bridge between sender and the receiver and visa versa

A

Channel and Medium

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55
Q

→ the sender’s choice between verbal and non verbal

A

Channel

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56
Q

→ verbal: the physical device in which the message will be transmitted
→ non verbal: the action in which the message will be transmitted

A

Medium

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57
Q

stage where idea is formulated and the sender of the message expresses his desire to express his idea

A

idea or i think stage

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57
Q

stage where the sender decides what channel and what medium to use

A

encoding or i deliberate stage

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58
Q

stage where sender throws the message to the receiver

A

transmission or i throw stage

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59
Q

stage where the receiver receives the message coming from the sender

A

receiving or i obtain stage

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60
Q

stage where u try to understand the message

A

decoding or i interpret stage

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61
Q

the receiver is expected to respond to the message that was sent

A

feedback or i react stage

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62
Q

these are different factors that prevent people from communicating effectively

A

communication barriers

63
Q

→ the reality frame of an individual. it is perceived as one individual.

A

Perception and Languages

64
Q

→ when the person listening does selective listening
→ not being attentive

A

Poor Listening

65
Q

→ what is acceptable to one may not be acceptable to another

A

Cultural Differences

66
Q

→ misunderstanding brought by the medium

A

Physical Distraction

67
Q

→ too much of something may not always yield a positive result

A

information Overload

68
Q

→ fragmentation
→ information may be twice or thrice removed from the truth

A

Incorrect Filtering

69
Q

→ happens when a company does not foster a harmonious relationship with the employees

A

Closed communication climate

70
Q

→ it means that you uncover the creation of the models in the order.
→ they conceptualized it from the very first of the latest

A

Historical Approach

71
Q

→ you uncover the secrets behind each model by looking at the

common denominator and their distinguishing characteristics

A

Thematic Approach

72
Q

→ known as the earliest model ever created

A

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

73
Q

speaker-centered model
→ The speaker delivers a speech on a specific occasion to an audience, and there is an expected effect of the message to the audience.

A

ARISTOTLE’S MODEL

74
Q

→ was conceptualized sometime in 1948
→ It appears to be similar to Aristotle’s. It also has 5 variables, but this time there’s a channel and medium.
→ user as an analysis tool for evaluating the communication progress and components

A

LASWELL’S MODEL

75
Q

→ This model was conceptualized and popularized sometime in 1949.
→It is considered as the “Mother of communication models”
→ The source, message, channel, and receiver are influenced by different factors

A

SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL

76
Q

→ It was created sometime in 1954
→ This model compares the sender and the receiver to two circles of a Venn diagram. The two circles represent the sender and the receiver.

A

SCHRAMM’S MODEL

77
Q

→ The next model was created sometime in 1960.
→ This is sometimes referred to as the SMCR model, because of the variables which the model suggests are necessary for interaction to take place

A

BERLO’S MODEL

78
Q

→ created in 1970
→ It offers a fresh take on the communication model
→ It previously created model stick to the idea of the process as either linear or interactive barn lens model
→ It describes the communication process as transactional. It means that the process of interaction is simultaneous resulting in the interlockets, assuming both the
role of the sender and the receiver of the message at the same time

A

BERLUND’S MODEL

79
Q

→ created sometime in 2009 of all the models.
→If we are to describe this model, we can consider it as a model, combining Schramm and Barlund’s model

Time is considered as an important factor to consider in the communication process. This means that the more time the

sender and the receiver interact with each other, the greater, or wider, their field of common experience, or commonalities becomes.

A

JULIA WOOD’S MODEL

80
Q

→ are those who view communication as a one-way process
→ it begins with the center and ends with the receiver communication process

A

linear

81
Q

→ two-way communication
→ used for new media like the internet
→ there is feedback
→ interactive but not simultaneous

A

Interactive

82
Q

→ senders and receivers interchange roles
→ simultaneous feedback
→ context of environment and noise

A

Transactional

83
Q

→ the sender or the receivers may find themselves going back to the previous stages, directify or to correct a task, which they should’ve taken seriously because they are necessary for making them succeed in the next stage of the process

A

Recursive

84
Q

→ where the participants take turns in assuming the role of the sender and the receiver.

A

Transactional

85
Q

→ The process can also be considered cyclical because of the receiver’s response, it initiates the new cycle for the communication process.

A

Cyclical

86
Q

This communication model is relevant today because of the influence cyberspace has in the generation today. Cyberspace as defined by Collins English Dictionary (n.d.) is a term that covers all the data stored in a large computer or network represented as a three-dimensional model through which a virtual-reality user can move.

A

E-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION MODEL

87
Q

they play an interchanging role in the process. The roles shift when one party gives feedback to the other party.

A

sender and the receiver

88
Q

→ This is what the receiver of the message wants to convey. It may be an idea, opinion, reaction, or comments.

A

Message

89
Q

→ This model highlights how the message or information is relayed to the other party.

A

Medium/Channel

90
Q

→ is a feature of many web-based communication sites

A

Email

91
Q

→ is a shortened form of weblog. It is a website that allows everyone to share his/ her own experiences, observations, opinions, reactions, reflections, and comments on a particular issue.

A

Blog

92
Q

People who are working away from their family have always been up to date with their loved ones because of a faster, real-time, and easy way of communication

A

video call

93
Q

→ E-mediated communication is a creative way of relaying the sender’s ideas to the receiver. There are various words and symbols used in digital technology such as text emoticons or emoji.

A

Feedback

94
Q

→ is very important in this model as it shapes the way tie messages may be interpreted. Both the sender and the receiver should be aware of each other.

A

Context

95
Q

this type of communication happens when the same person acts as both the sender and receiver if the message

A

INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

96
Q

this type of communication happens when the sender and the receiver are two different factors

A

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

97
Q

this type of communication is sometimes also referred to as dyadic communication

A

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

98
Q

as communication occurring between two people who engage in face-to-face interaction for purposes of social facilitation or fulfillment or the exchange of ideas and information. The two parties share the responsibility for successful interaction.

A

DYADIC COMMUNICATION

99
Q

the dearer the person to you, that means your are intimate to the person, and you can have an intimate and personal communication with her

A

Intimate & Personal

100
Q

takes place in a professional context, such as between an employee and supervisor.

A

Formal & Impersonal

101
Q

this type of communication happens when there are more than one sender and receiver interacting with on other
- working in teams

A

group comm

102
Q

does not care so much and places no value over the feelings of other people. when you talk to them, it doesn’t matter what others opinion are, as long as everybody else do what he/she says

A

Controlling

103
Q

who not only willingly give information but allows other to do the same

A

egalitarian

104
Q

who sees to it that that all members follow a systematic way of doing things

A

Structuring

105
Q

who encourages other people to participate
the life of the group

A

Dynamic

106
Q

who gives way other to avoid conflicts
everyone is giving their opinion and then here you are just agreeing with them

A

Relinquishing

107
Q

who does not want to anything to do with the group
texting or using their phone and doesn’t cooperate or participate actively

A

Withdrawing

108
Q

happens when there is one sender giving a message to a large group of receivers

A

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

109
Q

communication through television, radio, newspaper, magazines, books, billboards, internet, and other types of media.

A

MASS COMMUNICATION

110
Q

lack of knowledge on cultural differences promotes ethnocentrism and stereotyping

A

INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

111
Q

is the act of judging another culture based on perceptions that are found in the values and standards of one’s own culture- especially regarding language, behavior, customs, and religion

A

Ethnocentrism

112
Q

a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people -Cardwell, 1996

A

Stereotyping

113
Q

refers to a group’s expectations from its people

A

Social values

114
Q

differences in how people contribute to the society
difference on how one person from one country treats another person and how another person from another country treats another person.

A

Roles and Status

115
Q

differences in the length of time spent to come up with a decision
Canadians are fast when it comes to decision making while Japanese takes more time to decide

A

Decision-making customs

116
Q

differences in the value of time

A

Concept of time

117
Q

difference in proximity when communicating

A

Personal Space

118
Q

how far or how near you can be to the person you are talking with

A

Proxemics

119
Q

differences in how meaning is conveyed

A

Cultural Context

120
Q

enrich the values, rules, and social norms are primarily communicated through the use of contextual elements such as body language and tone of the voice

A

High context culture

121
Q

relies on the spoken or written words to communicate meaning therefore it uses the verbal communication

A

Low context culture

122
Q

differences in the concept of what is rude and polite
considered rude in one country can be considered as not rude in another country

A

Behavior and Manners

123
Q

differences in non-verbal meanings
some gestures are same, accepted, and polite in other countries while some are not

A

Gestures and Body language

124
Q

differences in the laws of the land and the society
justice systems can differ from one country and another

A

Legal and Ethical

125
Q

cultural differences between companies

A

Corporate Cultural Differences

126
Q

Proverbs and sayings are not just traditional phrases handed down from generation to generation, says cultural historian Cheng Pei-kai.

A

Proverbs reflect culture

127
Q

The squeaking wheel gets the grease

A

US Proverbs & German Proverbs

128
Q

The nail that sticks up gets pounded down

A

Japanese Proverb

129
Q

STAGES OF INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY

DDMAAI

A

DENIAL
DEFENSE
MINIMIZATION
ACCEPTANCE
ADAPTATION
INTEGRATION

130
Q

Person is someone who doesn’t want to recognize other culture
mind is closed and only recognizes their own culture
“there are no other cultures, except my culture”

A

Denial

131
Q

Person acknowledges, but thinks highly of his culture
recognize that there are other cultures but believes and thinks that their culture is the best

A

Stage 2: Defense

132
Q

Persons acknowledges but asserts universality
There are differences but everything is universal

A

Stage 3: Minimization

133
Q

Person starts to appreciate
Appreciating the culture of other persons

A

Stage 4: Acceptance

134
Q

Person starts to imitate

A

Stage 5: Adaptation

135
Q

Person starts to reflect
Starts imbibing the whole culture
You just don’t accept but gets everything from the culture

A

Stage 6: Integration

136
Q

COMMUNICATION FUNCTIONS

R/C S M E I

A

REGULATION/CONTROL
SOCIAL INTERACTION
MOTIVATION
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
INFORMATION

137
Q

We communicate because we want people we interact with to manage their behavior or sometimes because we want them do things as we please

A

REGULATION/CONTROL

138
Q

We communicate because we want to form bonds with other people, or it is our way of forging friendships with them.

A

Social Interaction

139
Q

We communicate because we want to persuade, convince, or inspire others
One of the positive demands in communication is the proper motivation

A

Motivation

140
Q

We communicate because we want to appeal to the emotions of other people

A

Emotional Expression

141
Q

We communicate because we have ideas based on facts, figures, statistics and other reliable sources that we want to share with others

A

Information

142
Q

Informative vs.

A

Instructive

143
Q

Motivation vs.

A

Persuasion

144
Q

Social Interaction vs.

A

Aesthetic

145
Q

Emotional Expression =

A

Therapeutic

146
Q

happens when the speaker just stops talking to express himself/herself

A

MESSAGE ABANDONMENT

147
Q

happens when you use a general expression to refer to an idea you think the other person already knows about in order to save you from using the actual word

A

USE OF ALL-PURPOSE WORDS

148
Q

happens when the speaker tries to change the topic or talk about something else instead of the issue that needs to be discussed

A

TOPIC AVOIDANCE

149
Q

happens when you invent a term based in your knowledge of rules in forming words in a particular language

A

WORD COINAGE

150
Q

happens when you translate a word or expression from one language to another word-per-word even when its essence is compromised

A

LITERAL TRANSLATION

151
Q

happens when you pronounce a word in your native language as if it is a word in the target language

A

FOREIGNIZING

152
Q

happens when you combine words in your native language and target language in one sentence

A

CODE-SWITCHING

153
Q

happens when you finish one sentence in your target language and finish another sentence in your native language

A

CODE-SHIFTING

154
Q

happens when you try to use unnecessary words or expressions in order to stall your message or to avoid dull moments or dead air

A

USE OF (GAP) FILLERS

155
Q

happens when you try to work your way around an idea by describing it vividly instead if calling it by its real name

A

CIRCUMLOCUTION

156
Q

happens when you try to look for a closely related word in order to refer to something

A

APPROXIMATION

157
Q

happens when you try to look for a non-verbal cue that would best say what you wanted to say

A

USE OF NON-VERBAL CUES

158
Q

happens when you ask someone else to explain what it is that you want to say

A

APPEAL FOR HELP

Oral Comm - kco (7 decks)

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