2ND QUARTER EXAM Flashcards
Refers to the levels of language formality in communicating
SPEECH STYLES
is highly dependent on the context, tone, and type of relationship interlocutors have with one another.
LANGUAGE FORMALITY
The unique ways in which people deliver information to other people
SPEAKING STYLE
How you construct the sentences. They must be understandable.
GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURE
In order for you to be understood by the person you are talking to, you need to make use of familiar vocabulary.
USE OF VOCABULARY
Why you are conveying the message.
INTEND / INTENTION
There are words that when you don’t pronounce properly, definitely they will not be understood
THE WAY YOU PRONOUNCE WORDS
There is already a deep connection that exists between the speaker and the receiver.
INTIMATE STYLE
there is a connection between the sender and the receiver but not as deep as the connection when using the intimate speech style
CASUAL STYLE
there is a professional relationship that exist between the sender and the receiver
CONSULTATIVE
The sender may occasionally deviate from the structure but the format of the message should remain largely intact.
FORMAL
There is always a structure and the delivery is non negotiable.
You cannot deviate. You should strictly follow the convention.
FROZEN STYLE
Are there specific words appropriate for each style?
YES
Should we limit ourselves to the kind of language to use for the different speech styles
NO
language is like a living organism
t or f
TRUE
This agent of language change is considered evident, in cases when a language is changed over time, brought by the influence of prominent people in the society.
SOCIAL PRESTIGE
when something new is created, it follows that a word for it is formed; hence, adding to the list of vocabulary words in a language.
INVENTIONS
Sometimes, language changes, because people have just accustomed themselves to the improper use of words or rules in a language; consequently, instead of correcting these errors, we just end up accommodating them, thereby, creating a new set of rules in using the language.
IMPERFECT LEARNING
the focus would be describing the different ways people communicate
COMMUNICATION STYLES
I am direct in expressing my needs, wants, and opinions and I give no thought to other people’s
I WIN, YOU LOSE
OPENLY AGGRESSIVE STYLE
I am direct in expressing my needs, wants, and opinions and I give no thought to other people’s
I WIN, YOU LOSE
ASSERTIVE BEHAVIOR
I indirectly make sure that others are aware of my needs, wants and opinions and that these are more important than theirs.
PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
I do not express my needs, wants, and opinions directly. I put others’ needs above my own.
I LOSE, YOU WIN
PASSIVE BEHAVIOR
This refers to the different steps that need to be undertaken by the speaker in order to deliver a well-prepared speech
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
is it sensible as of the moment. it should be updated. it is not on the relevance but more on the time when you’re going to write it so it should be updated.
TIMELY
audience should have a little background information about my topic
RELATABLE
topic should be appealing from my perspective and not just the audience’s
INTERESTING
to whom will i deliver this particular speech
you just don’t be concerned with the topic but also to whom you will deliver it
ANALYZING YOUR AUDIENCE
this is the general description of your audience
DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
the perception or attitude of your audience
PSYCHOGRAPHIC VALUES
environment or setting
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
where will i get the information that i will need
we should have credible sources
SOURCING THE INFORMATIOLN
title, introduction, body, and conclusion
OUTLINE AND ORGANIZING YOUR SPEECH
STEPS ON WRITING A SPEECH
CHOOSE A TOPIC
ANALYZE YOUR AUDIENCE
SOURCING INFORMATION
OUTLINE AND ORGANIZE YOUR SPEECH
WHAT COMPRISES VERBAL DELIVERY?
TONE
VOLUME
INFLECTION OF THE VOICE
PITCH OF THE VOICE
WHAT COMPRISES NONVERBAL DELIVERY?
EYE CONTACT
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
GESTURES
ATTENTION TOWARDS THE AUDIENCE
POSTURE
We learn and retain
-% of what we read
-% of what we hear
-% of what we see
-% of what we hear and see
10% of what we read
20% of what we hear
30% of what we see
50% of what we hear and see
aims to supplement your speech through a combination of the following pictures, art forms, illustrations, and or sound.
AUDIOVISUAL
This includes photos, text, and animation.
POWERPOINT PRESENTATION
This is usually used in presentations in small meetings.
You have a stand and paper
FLIP CHART
These are given only after you are done with your presentation
HANDOUTS
This is useful if you are delivering an informative speech or demonstrative speech.
PROPS
This may be used when one is presenting in a small group.
This may be awkward ‘cause you will not be able to use your hands.
POSTER
Recordings
Music
Sound
Audiotapes
AUDIO
Youtube
DVD
You have the opportunity to simulating visual information
AUDIOVISUAL
You have to make sure that the audiovisual is related to what you’re saying.
RELEVANT
You’re saying a happy moment in your life then in your powerpoint is a sorrowful scene in your life– This is not appropriate.
APPROPRIATE
If the audiovisual is appealing, it will create more impact on your audience
APPEALING
The font size should be readable even to the last person at the back of the room.
READABLE
Try to incorporate different types of audiovisuals in the presentation
VARIED
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
Use appropriate color and images
DO
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
Label charts and graphs
Keep the text short and simple
DO
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
REHEARSE
DO
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
TALK TO YOUR AUDIENCE
DO
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
HAVE A BACKUP PLAN
DO
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
EXPERIMENT FONTS AND COLORS
DONT
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
USE FLASHING AND DISTRACTING ELEMENTS
DONT
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
FILL SLIDE WITH TOO MUCH INFO
DONT
DOs OR DONTs TO AN AUDIOVISUAL
SIMPLY RECITE YOUR SLIDES
DONT
the mode of delivery entails having to read from your prepared speech. You may look at your note cards, printed speech, or from your tablet from time to time as you deliver your speech.
MANUSCRIPT STYLE
he memorized style is used for very short speeches, such as those delivered in presenting awards, in welcoming remarks, opening an important event, and other special occasions.
MEMORIZED STYLE
This is also known as ‘off-the-cuff’ or the ‘spur-of-the-moment’ delivery. It simply means without prior preparation.
IMPROMPTU
you have ample time to prepare for your speech; however, you do not have to write or memorize every word that you will say. It is not a completely written speech, but you may use notecards or cue cards, which contain an outline and key words of your speech during your delivery.
EXTEMPORANEOUS
To inform, educate, share, knowledge
Speaking to increase audience’s understanding, sustain interest on a topic, and increase recall
EXPOSITORY
Simply defining
Elaborating by giving examples but should not take long because you cannot say a lot
SPEECHES OF DEFINTION
speech where there is Narration of steps
SPEECH OF DEMONSTRATION
speech where u describe
SPEECH OF DESCRIPTION
Explaining why it happens
SPEECHES OF EXPLANATION
To persuade, convince, or to motivate
A symbolic process where communicators convince others to change their attitudes / behavior on an issue through transmitted message in an atmosphere of free choice
It is an art of convincing others through careful choices of clear arguments and evidences governed by reason
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
is an assertion that clearly states your position or your take on certain issue
PROPOSITIONS
These are verifiable assertions that focus on whether or not an idea, object, or phenomenon
PROPOSITION OF FACTS
You express and reveal your personal belief
PROPOSITION OF VALUE
Advocate whether a particular course of action be undertaken or not, continued or discontinued, or changed
PROPOSITION OF POLICY
Refer to the reasoning or logic of an argument so the presence of the policies will undermine the speakers
LOGOS
Refers to the credibility of the person who is speaking
Focus on the credibility of the speaker
ETHOS
This refers to the emotion that the speaker is using
Emotional-appeal that the speaker is using
PATHOS
A statement that appears correct but wrong if analyzed
Look correct but if you go deeper then they are far from being correct
FALLACY
Attack on the person rather than on the argument or issue
The statement attacks the person rather than the real issue
AD HOMINEM
Use of pity or sympathy or simply appealing to emotion
AD MISERICORDIAM
Believing that the majority is always right
“Bandwagon policy”
Since everyone is doing it then might as well do it
AD POPULUM
Absence of knowledge on an issue is used against the person to make a statement correct
AD IGNORANTIAM
This is a latin phrase which means “after this, therefore ,and because of this”
Connecting one event to another when there may be no connection at all
Fallacy of Post hoc; ergo, propter hoc
Something that appears to have only one question when there could be two or more
This is the most recognizable of all because it is in the form of question
FALLACY OF COMPLEX QUESTIONS
The thing to be proved is the one asserted as true
A latin word that means “begging question”.
PETITIO PRINCIPII
Use of a person’s authority, expertise or popularity to make an assertion more credible
AD VERICUNDIAM
To introduce, humor, entertain, inspire, accept an award, give a toast
SPECIAL OCCASIONS
WHO STARTED THE THOERY OF SPEECH ACTS
JOHN AUSTIN AND JOHN SEARLE
Refers to what is actually said
What the speaker said
Refers to the actual words that make the statement / idea / message
LOCUTIONARY
We only analyze the sounds that were produced to deliver the message
PHONIC ACT
Content conveyed on the statement
PROPOSITIONAL ACT
Literal translation or interpretation of the message
RHETIC ACT
Focuses on the analysis of the words, phrases, sentences, and clauses that were created by the different sounds that were produced
PHATIC ACT
Refers to the intention of the speaker when the statement is uttered
ILLOCUTIONARY
These are utterances which commit the hearer to the truth of the expressions
Stating, asserting, denying, confessing, admitting, and notifying
REPRESENTATIVES
These are utterances are attempts by the speaker to get the addressee to do something
Requesting, ordering, forbidding, warning, advising, suggesting, insisting, and recommending
DIRECTIVES
These are utterances commit the speaker to some future course of action
Promising, vowing, volunteering, offering, guaranteeing, and pledging
COMMISSIVENESS
Is an utterance used to express the emotional state of the speaker
Apologizing, congratulating, welcoming, and objecting
EXPRESSIVES
It is an utterance used to change the status of some entity
Appointing, naming, resigning, and baptizing
DECLARATIONS
Refers to the effect of the statement to the receiver of the message
this may also refer to the reaction of the listener upon receiving the statement
PERLOCUTIONARY
SPEECH to inspire and uplift your audience.
INSPIRATIONAL SPEECH
is a brief speech that provides the main speaker’s qualifications. This speech prepares the audience for the main speaker by establishing the speaker’s credibility and helps make the speaker feel welcome.
SPEECH OF INTRODUCTION
are formal expressions of goodwill, appreciation, or calls for group attention to an issue or person in a public setting, often followed by synchronous consumption of beverages
TOAST
are public proclamations that ridicule or criticize someone to honor them. That may sound awkward at first, but consider the targets most commonly associated with roasts: those in positions of power or prestige
ROAST
a speaker or emcee introduces an award and the winner
SPEECH FOR PRESENTATION OF AWARD
is a speech given by someone receiving an award or prize.
ACCEPTING AN AWARD
Usually begins with an anecdote. Anecdote is a funny experience or something about yourself that is funny. This will establish the rapport between you and your audience
ENTERTAINMENT SPEECH
This is the most neglected skill but is the most used.
LISTENING
It is a passive process. The sound is entering both ears.
You take in the information
HEARING
It is an active process because it involves paying attention, interpreting, and responding to the information
LISTENING
LISTENING PROCESS
RECEIVING
PERCEIVING
INTERPRETING
RESPONDING
Identifying sound differences
This is the most basic form of listening because this has been developed at a very early age
DISCRIMINATIVE
Making sense of what is heard
Understanding the content on what you are listening to
Understanding and extracting meaning from the information being conveyed
COMPREHENSION
Identifying truths from fallacies
The ability of the person to both interpret and evaluate the message
Does not have own judgment
CRITICAL
Choosing a stand after critical listening
The moment you put yourself into it
Including your own judgmen
EVALUATIVE
Listening to learn something new
If you know what is being said, it’s not informative anymore, it’s simply comprehension
INFORMATIVE
Taking in what only the listener agrees to
It is the same as selective listening
Listening to the one you’re siding on
BIASED
Listening to the other person first before you start with your decision
OBJECTIVE
For relaxation
Taking in anything that appeals to the listener’s sense of beauty
APPRECIATIVE
Simply knowing what the speaker feels
The focus here is expressing compassion and understanding the speaker’s emotion and situation
SYMPATHETIC
Understanding what the speaker feels
Putting yourself in the shoes of the person to therefore understand
EMPHATIC
Doing something about the speaker’s feeling
It is a specialized form often used for counseling and therapy sessions
THERAPEUTIC
Learning through conversations with a speaker
This is an interactive and a perspiratory form of listening
DIALOGIC
You would like to get and build the trust of the person you are talking to
RELATIONSHIP
