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Medical Microbiology > Exam Review (The real one) > Flashcards

Exam Review (The real one) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Know about common sense safety rules and the significance of microbiology (generally)

A

Dress appropriately.
Keep a tidy lab.
Know your lab safety symbols.
Handle chemical spills properly.
Know your safety equipment.

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2
Q

Major contributions of microbiologists in history

A

Vaccines, medicine, germ theory, gram staining, antibiotics

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3
Q

BSL 1

A

1- Low risk, not known to cause disease in healthy humans

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4
Q

BSL 2

A

2- Moderate risk, EG common cold

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5
Q

BSL 3

A

3- High risk, can cause serious or potentially deadly disease (TB, Plague)

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6
Q

BSL 4

A

4- Life threatening, possibly nontreatable (Ebola, smallpox)

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7
Q

Our Epidemic lab, what were we modeling?

A

Viral transmission in large populations

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

-lack of membrane-bound organelles,
-Unicellular
-small (usually microscopic)
-Reproduce by binary fission

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9
Q

Viruses

A

-Much smaller than bacteria
-A single- or double-stranded nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein shell called a capsid
-Some viruses also have an outer envelope composed of lipids and proteins.
-Inject dna into cell-

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10
Q

Protozoa

A

-flagella for locomotion.
-Unicellular
-Eukaryotic
-Reproduction is by binary fission (longitudinal division)

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11
Q

Yeast

A

-Most reproduce asexually/budding
-Eukaryotic
-Single celled

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12
Q

Arthropod

A

-Exoskeleton
-Their body is covered by a cuticle or pellicle.
-Freshwater forms have a contractile vacuole.
-Reproduction is by internal fertilization
-Multicellular

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13
Q

Helminths

A

-Invertebrates characterized by elongated, flat or round bodies
-Reproduce with eggs

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14
Q

Endosome pH

A

6

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15
Q

Lysosome pH

A

4

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16
Q

Recall the Frenemies classwork. Describe one scientist that you studied. Include the following information: when and where they worked, their primary contributions to microbiology, why that contribution is important, and any controversies that they were involved in.

A

-Dr Harold Amos
-Discovered penicillin
-First broad spectrum antibiotic
-Controversy with deserved nobel prize since others worked on penicillin mold
-Harvard, 1940s (?)

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17
Q

Recall the Biology & Order: Special Microbes Unit project. Describe your microbe. Include the following information: what kind of agent of infection it was (bacteria, virus, protozoan, fungi, helminth) and how you know (distinguishing features of that agent), what disease it caused and the symptoms/severity, as well as the treatment/cure/vaccines that are available.

A

-Yersinia pestis
-Gram negative bacillus bacteria
-Causes the black death, 50-60% mortality if untreated
-Causes fever, chills, extreme weakness, abdominal pain, shock, buboes (bubonic)
-Killed ⅓ of europe
-Treated with antibiotics

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18
Q

What did we observe in the chemiluminescence lab?

A

Temperature can affect the rate of chemical reactions

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19
Q

Glycolysis begins with _____

A

1 glucose

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20
Q

Glycolysis produces _____

A

2 ATP net, 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

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21
Q

Kreb cycle begins with _____

A

2 Acetyl CoA

22
Q

Kreb cycle produces _____

A

3 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2CO2

23
Q

Electron transport chain begins with _____

A

3 NADH 2FADH2

24
Q

Electron transport chain produces _____

A

32 ATP+H20

25
Q

Primary

A

Linear sequence of amino acids

26
Q

Secondary

A

Beta sheet (STRING), alpha helix (BIG SPIRAL)

27
Q

Tertiary

A

All secondary structures (3d structure after it folds)

28
Q

Quaternary

A

How proteins interact with each other, form large complexes

29
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A

handwashing at hospitals

30
Q

Robert Koch

A

found causative agents of tuberculosis & anthrax

31
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

discovered microbial fermentation

32
Q

Edward Jenner

A

helped develop the first smallpox vaccine

33
Q

T/F: NADH acts as an electron acceptor

A

False

34
Q

What are electron microscopes used for?

A

obtaining high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens

35
Q

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A

directs a high voltage electron beam towards the specimen to illuminate it and create a magnified image of the sample

36
Q

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A

It directs a focused electron beam across the rectangular area of the specimen, which loses energy as it passes through

37
Q

Reflection electron microscope (REM)

A

The reflection electron microscope involves the detection of a beam of elastically scattered electrons that is reflected off of the specimen that is being examined.

38
Q

What do metal ions do?

A

Help enzyme function

39
Q

Carbon has ___ bonds

A

4

40
Q

\
\ \
\ \
\ \
\

A

double bond`

41
Q

/\/

A

Hydroxyl group (alcohol)

42
Q

/\S/\

A

Sulfide

43
Q

O
| |
^

A

Ketone

44
Q

Carbonyl

A

a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom

45
Q

amino

A

basic amino group (−NH2), an acidic carboxyl group (−COOH), and an organic R group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino acid

46
Q

Phosphate

A

PO43-

47
Q

sulfhydryl

A

sulfur bonded to a hydrogen atom

48
Q

What affects enzyme activity?

A

Temperature, cofactors, pH

49
Q

How do we interpret our results in the Yeast Catalase lab?

A

Different types of carbohydrates interact differently with yeasts

50
Q

Acids structures are never _________.

A

nonpolar

51
Q

(REVIEW) Amino acid side chain categories

A

(1) non-polar and neutral, (2) polar and neutral, (3) acidic and polar, (4) basic and polar.

52
Q

Angelina Hesse

A

Recommended agar for bacterial cultures

Medical Microbiology (8 decks)

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