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Cells: Form and Function > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

phospholipids spin and diffuse ______ within the plane of the membrane

A

laterally

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2
Q

how do we measure lateral diffusion?

A

FRAP

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3
Q

FRAP stands for?

A

fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching

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4
Q

FRET stands for?

A

Forster resonance energy transfe

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5
Q

describe FRAP

A

Start with fluorochrome such as GFP tagged transmembrane, uses a high intensity light to bleach the GFP in certain patch of membrane until it no longer fluoresces,
if proteins are moving the bleached and unbleached proteins will exchange positions over time

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6
Q

describe FRET

A

measure distance between fluorochromes, requires a pair of fluorescent proteins where emission wavelength of first is near the excitation wavelength of the second, efficiency of this energy transfer is proportional to the distance between fluorochromes, fret reveals protein interactions

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7
Q

the cytosolic face always faces the ______

A

cytoplasm

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8
Q

the exoplasmic face always faces the ______ ______ or _____ ______

A

cellular exterior, interior lumen

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9
Q

what is the orientation of phospholipids?

A

hydrophilic water loving head toward a membrane surface and its hydrophobic water hating tail toward the membrane interior

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10
Q

what are the 3 sterols?

A

cholesterol, ergosterol and stigmasterol

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11
Q

where are phospholipids synthesized?

A

cytosolic face of endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

a phospholipid is found in the exoplasmic face of plasma membrane during _____ _______ and requires _______?

A

lipid trafficking and requires flippases

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13
Q

sphingomylein is synthesized on the exoplasmic face of __________

A

golgi complex

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14
Q

positivel charged ___ and ____ residues near the cytosolic side of the helix binds negatively charged phospholipid head groups as the anchor

A

Arg and Lys

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15
Q

cytosolic and exoplasmic domains are ______

A

hydrophilic

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16
Q

detergents are ________

A

ampipathic

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17
Q

the rate of diffusion across a pure phospholipid barrier is proportional to _____, _______ and _______

A

[ ] , hydrophobicity and size

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18
Q

synthesis od secreted proteins, integral plasma membrane proteins and proteins destined for the ER begin on ________ faces

A

cytosolic

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19
Q

secreted protein s must be brought to the _______

A

ER lumen

20
Q

most phospholipids are synthesized on the _________ but assembled on the _______

A

smooth ER, rough ER

21
Q

tail anchored proteins are recognized by ?

A

Get3

22
Q

during transport to the mitochondria the matrix targeting sequence is located at the _____ terminus

A

N

23
Q

the nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by what two membranes?

A

nuclear envelop, continuous with the ER

24
Q

______ allows movement of mRNAs, tRNAs, ribosomal subunits out of the nucleus

A

nuclear pores

25
Q

import of nuclear proteins requires ________ signals

A

localization

26
Q

NLS directs _______ transport into the nucleus

A

selective

27
Q

all nuclear proteins are synthesized in the _______ and then imported

A

cytoplasm

28
Q

what is Ran

A

monomeric G protein

29
Q

nuclear transport receptor bind to ____ on cargo proteins and FG repeats on nucleoporins

A

NLS

30
Q

what are the 3 mechanisms for nuclear import of proteins?

A

cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, system recycling

31
Q

nuclear export can either be Ran _________ or Ran __________

A

dependent or independent

32
Q

what is the secretory pathway of protein sorting?

A

distribution of soluble and membrane proteins, synthesized by the rough ER to final destinations at the cell surface or in lysosomes

33
Q

what is the endocytic pathway of protein sorting?

A

Vesicles budding from the plasma membrane take up soluble extracellular proteins and deliver them to lysosomes via late endosomes

34
Q

what is vesicle budding initiated by?

A

recruitment of GTP binding proteins to a patch of donor membrane

35
Q

vesicle budding is driven by?

A

polymerization of soluble protein complexes on the cytosolic face of the membrane, form proteinaceous vesicle coat

36
Q

during vesicle budding Rab GTP is hydrolyzed to _______

A

Rab GDP

37
Q

what are the three types of coated vesicles?

A

COPII, COPI, Clathrin

38
Q

all vesicles contain small _____ binding proteins that control coat assembly

A

GTP

39
Q

____ protein is in COPI and clathrin coated vesicles

A

ARF

40
Q

___ protein is in COPII vesicles

A

Sar1

41
Q

what is the role of Sar1 GTP?

A

directs coat proteins into place

42
Q

what occurs after GTP hydrolysis during vessicle coat assembly?

A

Sar1 GDP undergoes a conformational change and causes disassembly of the coat

43
Q

what are the 4 GTPase switch proteins?

A

ARF, Sar1, Ran, Rab

44
Q

early stages of the secretory pathway moves in the

______ direction

A

anterograde

45
Q

what are the five destinations from the trans golgi network?

A
  1. COPI vesicles
  2. AP3 complex vesicles
  3. Clathrin coated vesicles
  4. constitutive secretory vesicles
  5. regulated secretory vesicles
46
Q

clathrin coated vesicles have two layers consiting of what?

A
  1. outer layer of fibrous protein clathrin

2. inner layer composed of adapter protein AP complex

47
Q

______ pinches off clathrin coated vesicles

A

dynamin

Cells: Form and Function (6 decks)

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