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Cells: Form and Function > 14-17 > Flashcards

14-17 Flashcards

1
Q

ran is a ?

A

GTPase switch protein

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2
Q

SDS page is used to ?

A

visualize protein size and abundance

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3
Q

protein transport through the secretory pathway can be visualized by ________ _______ of cells producing a GFP tagged membrane protein

A

fluorescence microscopy

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4
Q

Bradford assay is used to determine?

A

protein concentration in biological samples

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5
Q

yeast are good model organisms for ______ because, why?

A

traffic as secretory pathway and its molecular components are similar in all eukaryotes

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6
Q

is there vesicular transport in prokaryotes?

A

no

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7
Q

the cis face of the golgi ______ from the ER while the trans face of the golgi _______ to the plasma membrane

A

inputs, outputs

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8
Q

vessicle budding is important for which pathways?

A

secretory and endocytic pathways

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9
Q

vesicle budding is initiated by?

A

recruitment of GTP binding proteins to a patch of a donor

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10
Q

vesicle budding is driven by?

A

polymerization of soluble protein complexes on cytosolic face of the membrane, this forms proteinaceous coat

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11
Q

when are vsnares incorporated into the vesicle membrane?

A

during assembly of the coat

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12
Q

tsnares are ________ in the target membrane

A

embedded

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13
Q

the interaction of vsnares and tsnares causes what?

A

brings membranes close together and allows the bilayers to fuse

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14
Q

Ran is a?

A

GTPase switch protein

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15
Q

SDS PAGE is used to ?

A

visualize protien size and abundance

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16
Q

bradford assay is used to?

A

determine protein concentration

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17
Q

is their vesicular transport in prokaryotes?

A

no

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18
Q

what do Rab proteins do?

A

regulate vesicle trafficking and fusion with the membrane

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19
Q

what is isoprenoid anchor?

A

allows rab proteins to be tethered to the membrane

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20
Q

what do small gtpase proteins do during vesicle budding and fusion?

A

direct coat polymerization

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21
Q

______ exposes Rab and SNARE proteins that target vesicles?

A

coat shedding

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22
Q

yeast cells with mutations in genes for COPII vesicles are class _______ sec mutants?

A

b

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23
Q

formation of COPII is triggered when ______ catylyzes activation of cytosolic ______

A

sec12, sar1

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24
Q

sar 1 GTP binds to the ER membrane and recruits ______ and ________

A

sec 23, sec 24

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25
Q

cystolic domains contain ________ sorting signals

A

di acidic

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26
Q

signals bind to the ______ subunit of COPII coat

A

sec24

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27
Q

how do vesicles move?

A

by diffusion in the cytoplasm

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28
Q

microtubules act as railroad tracks for what type of transport vesicles?

A

large aggregates of transport vesicles

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29
Q

retrograde transport is between ____ _____

A

golgi cisternae

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30
Q

are ER resident proteins soluble ?

A

yes

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31
Q

what is the function of ER resident proteins?

A

assist in folding and modification of newly synthesized secretory proteins

32
Q

where is the KDEL sorting sequence in resident proteins?

A

`C terminus

33
Q

what does the KDEL receptor do?

A

retrieves soluble proteins containing the KDEL sorting signal

34
Q

cisternal maturation is responsible for what?

A

anterograde transport through the golgi

35
Q

copI coated vesicles transport vesicles carrying ER golgi resident proteins in the _________ direction

A

retrograde

36
Q

translocation is driven by?

A

translation elongation neither SRP nor sec1 hydrolyzes ATP

37
Q

does post translational translocation into the ER have a srp receptor?

A

no

38
Q

ATP hydrolysis is required by Bip (t or f)

A

true

39
Q

where is the N and C terminus on type I single pass transmembrane proteins?

A

N on the exoplasmic face, C on the cytoplasmic face

40
Q

in type II single pass membrane proteins where is the N terminal sequence?

A

no N terminal sequence

41
Q

_____ ________ extrudes the remainder of nascant protein into the ER lumen

A

chain elongation

42
Q

where is the N and C terminus on type II single pass transmembrane proteins?

A

cytosolic N terminus, Exoplasmic C terminus

43
Q

in type III membrane proteins is there an N terminal signal sequence?

A

no

44
Q

in type III membrane proteins wehre does C terminal elongation occur?

A

in the cytosol

45
Q

where is the N and C terminus in type III membrane proteins ?

A

exoplasmic N terminus and cytosolic C terminus

46
Q

what does the translocating protein do during import into the mitochondrial matrix?

A

moves through Tom and inserts translocon into inner membrane Tim

47
Q

how do adapter proteins function?

A

each AP complex determines which cargo proteins are in a vesicle by binding to cytosolic domains of membrane proteins

48
Q

what is GGA?

A

another type of AP complex, single large polypeptide, binds clathrin and cargo elements

49
Q

transport of coat protiens occurs in the anterograde direction during ______ stages of secretion while they are transported to various destinations during the ______ stages of secretion

A

early, later

50
Q

describe the apical and basolateral domains of epithelial cells

A

apical ( exposed to exterior of the body or to an internal open space)
basolateral (abuts adjacent cells and the underlying basal lamina)

51
Q

what are apical and basolateral bound membrane proteins sorted by?

A

vSNAREs and Rab protien

52
Q

what do the tyrosine based motif and the di leucine based motif do?

A

help membrane proteins associate with clathrin adapter proteins

53
Q

what is GPI?

A

membrane donor protein

54
Q

lipid rafts are rich in ________

A

sphingolipids

55
Q

GPI anchored proteins go to basolateral membrane in ________ cells

A

thyroid

56
Q

where does endocytosis take place?

A

basolateral and apical membranes

57
Q

what is receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

internalization of materials from surroundings and sorting of these materials to different cellular destinations

58
Q

during receptor mediated endocytosis _______ ______ coated pits form

A

clathrin AP2

59
Q

______ pinches off clathrin coated vesicle?

A

dynamin

60
Q

what are the 4 lipoproteins and what is the role of each during lipid transport in the bloodstream?

A
  1. chylomicrons ( transport tryglcycerides)
  2. VLDL ( synthesize and released by liver to transport triglycerides made)
  3. LDL less healthy, deliver cholesterol to tissue
  4. HDL healthy and return excess cholesterol from tissues and take back to liver
61
Q

what is the difference in high density and low density lipoproteins?

A

more dense means higher in proteins while less dense means higher in lipids

62
Q

LDL associates with ________ ____ as they bud off and fuse with endosomes

A

coated pits

63
Q

what is the LDL receptor?

A

839 residue glycoprotein with single transmembrane segment

64
Q

what do the seven cytosine rich repeats interact with during targeting for endocytosis?

A

apoB100

65
Q

what happens after LDL reaches lysosomes?

A

lysosomal proteases and esterases hydrolyze apoB 100 and cholesterol esters respectively

66
Q

what is the key step during targeting for endocytosis?

A

cell surface LDL receptor binds to LDL particle

67
Q

what is the YXXO sorting signal?

A

important for endocytosis, Y=Tyr, X=amino acid, O hydrophobic amino acid

68
Q

what is the role of ubiquitin in signalling for endocytosis?

A

covalently linked and delivers the proteins for the YXXO sorting signal to the lysosome where they are degreaded

69
Q

what does the LDL receptor do with apoB100 at a low pH?

A

releases it

70
Q

what is most critical for LDL binding?

A

R4 and R5

71
Q

what does high plasma LDL levels lead to?

A

disease, falilial hypercholesterolemia

72
Q

how do lysosomes degrade materials taken up by the cell?

A

by fusion of a late endosome or phagosome with lysosome, access to membrane proteins for degradation through formation of multi-vesicular endosomes

73
Q

what happens to multi vesicular endosomes?

A

thy are separated into specialized vesicles that form at the endosomal membrane

74
Q

retroviruses require _____ complexes to bud from the plasma membrane?

A

ESCRT

75
Q

formation of multi vesicular endosomes requires ________ from endosomal membrane into the lumen into exoplasm?

A

budding

76
Q

what is the purpose of the autophagic pathway?

A

serves to recycle macromolecules for use as nutrients under stressful/ starvation conditions

Cells: Form and Function (6 decks)

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