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Cells: Form and Function > 14-17 > Flashcards

14-17 Flashcards

1
Q

ran is a ?

A

GTPase switch protein

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2
Q

SDS page is used to ?

A

visualize protein size and abundance

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3
Q

protein transport through the secretory pathway can be visualized by ________ _______ of cells producing a GFP tagged membrane protein

A

fluorescence microscopy

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4
Q

Bradford assay is used to determine?

A

protein concentration in biological samples

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5
Q

yeast are good model organisms for ______ because, why?

A

traffic as secretory pathway and its molecular components are similar in all eukaryotes

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6
Q

is there vesicular transport in prokaryotes?

A

no

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7
Q

the cis face of the golgi ______ from the ER while the trans face of the golgi _______ to the plasma membrane

A

inputs, outputs

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8
Q

vessicle budding is important for which pathways?

A

secretory and endocytic pathways

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9
Q

vesicle budding is initiated by?

A

recruitment of GTP binding proteins to a patch of a donor

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10
Q

vesicle budding is driven by?

A

polymerization of soluble protein complexes on cytosolic face of the membrane, this forms proteinaceous coat

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11
Q

when are vsnares incorporated into the vesicle membrane?

A

during assembly of the coat

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12
Q

tsnares are ________ in the target membrane

A

embedded

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13
Q

the interaction of vsnares and tsnares causes what?

A

brings membranes close together and allows the bilayers to fuse

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14
Q

Ran is a?

A

GTPase switch protein

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15
Q

SDS PAGE is used to ?

A

visualize protien size and abundance

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16
Q

bradford assay is used to?

A

determine protein concentration

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17
Q

is their vesicular transport in prokaryotes?

A

no

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18
Q

what do Rab proteins do?

A

regulate vesicle trafficking and fusion with the membrane

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19
Q

what is isoprenoid anchor?

A

allows rab proteins to be tethered to the membrane

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20
Q

what do small gtpase proteins do during vesicle budding and fusion?

A

direct coat polymerization

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21
Q

______ exposes Rab and SNARE proteins that target vesicles?

A

coat shedding

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22
Q

yeast cells with mutations in genes for COPII vesicles are class _______ sec mutants?

A

b

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23
Q

formation of COPII is triggered when ______ catylyzes activation of cytosolic ______

A

sec12, sar1

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24
Q

sar 1 GTP binds to the ER membrane and recruits ______ and ________

A

sec 23, sec 24

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25
cystolic domains contain ________ sorting signals
di acidic
26
signals bind to the ______ subunit of COPII coat
sec24
27
how do vesicles move?
by diffusion in the cytoplasm
28
microtubules act as railroad tracks for what type of transport vesicles?
large aggregates of transport vesicles
29
retrograde transport is between ____ _____
golgi cisternae
30
are ER resident proteins soluble ?
yes
31
what is the function of ER resident proteins?
assist in folding and modification of newly synthesized secretory proteins
32
where is the KDEL sorting sequence in resident proteins?
`C terminus
33
what does the KDEL receptor do?
retrieves soluble proteins containing the KDEL sorting signal
34
cisternal maturation is responsible for what?
anterograde transport through the golgi
35
copI coated vesicles transport vesicles carrying ER golgi resident proteins in the _________ direction
retrograde
36
translocation is driven by?
translation elongation neither SRP nor sec1 hydrolyzes ATP
37
does post translational translocation into the ER have a srp receptor?
no
38
ATP hydrolysis is required by Bip (t or f)
true
39
where is the N and C terminus on type I single pass transmembrane proteins?
N on the exoplasmic face, C on the cytoplasmic face
40
in type II single pass membrane proteins where is the N terminal sequence?
no N terminal sequence
41
_____ ________ extrudes the remainder of nascant protein into the ER lumen
chain elongation
42
where is the N and C terminus on type II single pass transmembrane proteins?
cytosolic N terminus, Exoplasmic C terminus
43
in type III membrane proteins is there an N terminal signal sequence?
no
44
in type III membrane proteins wehre does C terminal elongation occur?
in the cytosol
45
where is the N and C terminus in type III membrane proteins ?
exoplasmic N terminus and cytosolic C terminus
46
what does the translocating protein do during import into the mitochondrial matrix?
moves through Tom and inserts translocon into inner membrane Tim
47
how do adapter proteins function?
each AP complex determines which cargo proteins are in a vesicle by binding to cytosolic domains of membrane proteins
48
what is GGA?
another type of AP complex, single large polypeptide, binds clathrin and cargo elements
49
transport of coat protiens occurs in the anterograde direction during ______ stages of secretion while they are transported to various destinations during the ______ stages of secretion
early, later
50
describe the apical and basolateral domains of epithelial cells
apical ( exposed to exterior of the body or to an internal open space) basolateral (abuts adjacent cells and the underlying basal lamina)
51
what are apical and basolateral bound membrane proteins sorted by?
vSNAREs and Rab protien
52
what do the tyrosine based motif and the di leucine based motif do?
help membrane proteins associate with clathrin adapter proteins
53
what is GPI?
membrane donor protein
54
lipid rafts are rich in ________
sphingolipids
55
GPI anchored proteins go to basolateral membrane in ________ cells
thyroid
56
where does endocytosis take place?
basolateral and apical membranes
57
what is receptor mediated endocytosis?
internalization of materials from surroundings and sorting of these materials to different cellular destinations
58
during receptor mediated endocytosis _______ ______ coated pits form
clathrin AP2
59
______ pinches off clathrin coated vesicle?
dynamin
60
what are the 4 lipoproteins and what is the role of each during lipid transport in the bloodstream?
1. chylomicrons ( transport tryglcycerides) 2. VLDL ( synthesize and released by liver to transport triglycerides made) 3. LDL less healthy, deliver cholesterol to tissue 4. HDL healthy and return excess cholesterol from tissues and take back to liver
61
what is the difference in high density and low density lipoproteins?
more dense means higher in proteins while less dense means higher in lipids
62
LDL associates with ________ ____ as they bud off and fuse with endosomes
coated pits
63
what is the LDL receptor?
839 residue glycoprotein with single transmembrane segment
64
what do the seven cytosine rich repeats interact with during targeting for endocytosis?
apoB100
65
what happens after LDL reaches lysosomes?
lysosomal proteases and esterases hydrolyze apoB 100 and cholesterol esters respectively
66
what is the key step during targeting for endocytosis?
cell surface LDL receptor binds to LDL particle
67
what is the YXXO sorting signal?
important for endocytosis, Y=Tyr, X=amino acid, O hydrophobic amino acid
68
what is the role of ubiquitin in signalling for endocytosis?
covalently linked and delivers the proteins for the YXXO sorting signal to the lysosome where they are degreaded
69
what does the LDL receptor do with apoB100 at a low pH?
releases it
70
what is most critical for LDL binding?
R4 and R5
71
what does high plasma LDL levels lead to?
disease, falilial hypercholesterolemia
72
how do lysosomes degrade materials taken up by the cell?
by fusion of a late endosome or phagosome with lysosome, access to membrane proteins for degradation through formation of multi-vesicular endosomes
73
what happens to multi vesicular endosomes?
thy are separated into specialized vesicles that form at the endosomal membrane
74
retroviruses require _____ complexes to bud from the plasma membrane?
ESCRT
75
formation of multi vesicular endosomes requires ________ from endosomal membrane into the lumen into exoplasm?
budding
76
what is the purpose of the autophagic pathway?
serves to recycle macromolecules for use as nutrients under stressful/ starvation conditions

Cells: Form and Function (6 decks)

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