Exam Practice Test 2

Question 1

Which of the following is not a change to anxiety disorders in the DSM-5?

A. There is a minimum period to receive a specific phobia diagnosis.
B. Agoraphobia has become a distinct disorder from panic disorder.
C. A distinction is made between performance social phobia and generalised social phobia.
D. Specific phobia and panic disorder are combined into one diagnosis.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

According to Clark’s model of panic disorder people with this disorder:

A. typically avoid places where a panic attack may occur.
B. are highly anxious.
C. are low on a measure of anxiety sensitivity.
D. catastrophise bodily sensations as dangerous.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A major depressive disorder with melancholy has all of the following features except:

A. inability to experience pleasure.
B. early-morning wakening.
C. excessive guilt.
D. catatonic symptoms.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Among adolescents in developed countries, depressive disorders:

A. are more common in boys than in girls.
B. are more common in girls than in boys.
C. are equally common in boys and girls.
D. are more common in urban than in rural young people.

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Which of the following are considered protective factors that reduce an individual’s chance of depression?

A. good interpersonal skills and positive relationships with others
B. high levels of family cohesion
C. a temperament characterised by optimism and low anxiety
D. All of the given options are correct.

Answer 5

D

Question 6

The instability model of bipolar disorder relapse assumes four mechanisms that trigger relapse. They include all of the following except:

A. medication non-adherence.
B. disrupted routines (e.g., working longer).
C. high state of anxiety.
D. a biological vulnerability.

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder vary according to:

A. how many manic episodes an individual has experienced.
B. whether the patient is in an acute or maintenance phase of the condition.
C. response to psychological intervention.
D. experience of psychotic episodes.

Answer 7

B

Question 8

Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing PTSD after exposure to a trauma?

A. a history of psychological problems pre-dating the trauma
B. male gender
C. ongoing stressors after the trauma
D. low social support after the trauma

Answer 8

B

Question 9

According to the DSM-5, the presence of OCD is diagnosed using which criteria?

A. Obsessions and compulsions that cause distress and interfere with social and occupational functioning.
B. Obsessions or compulsions that cause distress and interfere with social and occupational functioning.
C. Obsessions and/or compulsions that are not a product of the person’s own mind and that cause distress and interfere with social and occupational functioning.
D. Obsessions and/or compulsions that cause distress, are time-consuming, interfere with social and occupational functioning and are not attributed to a substance, medical condition or other disorder.

Answer 9

D

Question 10

According to Australian research, what is a common element of obsession in individuals with OCD in the Australian population?

A. Being contaminated by germs.
B. Fire, robbery or being assaulted.
C. Losing one’s mind.
D. All of the listed options are correct.

Answer 10

D

Question 11

Pica refers to:

A. constant eating.
B. refusal to eat.
C. eating only fluids.
D. eating non-foods.

Answer 11

D

Question 12

Evidence to date has found that antidepressant medication for anorexia nervosa:

A. improves mood and enhances weight gain.
B. improves mood but does not enhance weight gain.
C. improves eating difficulties but does not improve mood.
D. does not improve weight gain or eating difficulties.

Answer 12

D

Question 13

Which of the following is an alteration that was made to the diagnosis of bulimia nervosa in the DSM-5?

A. binge eating behaviour occurring at least once per week
B. weight-control behaviour occurring at least once per week
C. bulimia nervosa cannot occur at the same time as anorexia nervosa
D. All of the given options are correct.

Answer 13

D

Question 14

In the DSM-5, substance dependence and substance abuse has been replaced with:

A. drug addiction disorders.
B. dependence and abuse disorders.
C. substance use disorders.
D. severe addiction disorders.

Answer 14

C

Question 15

Jacobs’ (1986) general theory of addiction asserts that:

A. addictions allow individuals to feel positive affect.
B. addictions allow individuals to escape painful realities and/or memories.
C. addictions give people a sense of control.
D. addictions create new painful memories.

Answer 15

B

Question 16

Prior to the DSM-5, gambling disorder was classified as:

A. a personality disorder.
B. a disorder of impulse control.
C. an anxiety disorder.
D. a mood disorder.

Answer 16

B

Question 17

In the DSM-5, psychopathy:

A. is under the Cluster A disorders.
B. is under the Cluster B disorders.
C. is under the Cluster C disorders.
D. is not listed.

Answer 17

D

Question 18

Large-scale epidemiological studies of personality disorders have estimated their prevalence in the community to be between 4.4 and 21.9 per cent. What is likely to have contributed to these inconsistent findings?

A. cultural variation
B. methodological shortcomings
C. changes in social norms over time
D. excessive focus on borderline personality disorder

Answer 18

B

Question 19

.In cognitive therapy for personality disorders, what is the term used to refer to “an organised collection of information in memory that operates automatically”?

A. a schema
B. a feedback loop
C. rigid cognition
D. a persona

Answer 19

A

Question 20

Children with low activity of the monoamine oxidase A gene show:

A. low rates of aggression.
B. high rates of aggression.
C. low rates of aggression but only when they have been maltreated.
D. high rates of aggression but only when they have been maltreated.

Answer 20

D

Question 21

The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing indicated that approximately _______ per cent of children aged 4–17 years had an emotional or behavioural problem.

A. 3.7
B. 6.9
C. 13.9
D. 7.4

Answer 21

C

Question 22

A specific learning disorder is diagnosed when a child’s academic achievement is below what is expected for his/her age. It cannot be diagnosed when:

A. the child also has an anxiety disorder.
B. the child also has a mood disorder.
C. the child has an intellectual disability.
D. the child has ADHD.

Answer 22

C

Question 23

The Australian Temperament Project indicated that children who subsequently develop conduct disorder clearly differ from other children by the age of:

A. 1–2 years.
B. 5–6 years.
C. 8–10 years.
D. 12–14 years.

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Which is not a typical symptom of catatonia?

A. catalepsy
B. echolalia
C. echopraxia
D. anhedonia

Answer 24

D

Question 25

Morrison (2001) proposed a cognitive model for the development of positive symptoms of psychosis. The key component is:

A. social learning in stressful environments.
B. cognitive impairment leading to poor problem-solving abilities.
C. negative feedback of stress hormones in the brain.
D. how intrusions into consciousness are interpreted.

Answer 25

D

Question 26

Pathological dissociation may involve all of the following except:

A. depersonalisation.
B. derealisation.
C. amnesia.
D. excessive daydreaming.

Answer 26

D

Question 27

Explanations of the apparently increasing prevalence of dissociative disorders include which of the following?

A. Many apparently new cases are incorrectly diagnosed.
B. More cases are being detected by new and valid assessment tools.
C. It is a culture-bound syndrome in North America, where most prevalence studies are conducted.
D. All of the given options are correct.

Answer 27

D

Question 28

For women’s sexual difficulties, medication/pharmacotherapy:

A. has been studied more in recent years, and is highly effective.
B. has been studied more in recent years, but requires further development.
C. has been studied less in recent years.
D. has been found to be more effective for women than for men.

Answer 28

B

Question 29

The DSM classification of paraphilic behaviours as mental disorders has been criticised by some as being:

A. based on moral views rather than psychiatric concerns.
B. based on ethical views rather than psychiatric concerns.
C. based on legal views rather than psychiatric concerns.
D. All of the options given are correct.

Answer 29

D

Question 30

Which of the following is a guiding principle in the treatment guidelines for gender dysphoria?

A. individualise treatment
B. avoid harm
C. use appropriate language
D. All of the given options are correct.

Answer 30

D

Question 31

When comparing longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageing:

A. longitudinal studies are more reliable in establishing changes due to ageing.
B. cross-sectional studies are more reliable in establishing changes due to ageing.
C. longitudinal and cross-sectional studies are equally reliable in establishing changes due to ageing.
D. cross-sectional studies are more affected by people dropping out over time.

Answer 31

A

Question 32

In the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, medication:

A. has no effect.
B. results in a complete cure.
C. improves cognitive functions.
D. hastens the progression of the disease.

Answer 32

C

Question 33

The DSM-5 has:

A. removed the exclusion of bereavement in its criteria for mood disorders.
B. removed bereavement from its mood disorders.
C. added bereavement to its mood disorders, but only for people over 65 years of age.
D. added bereavement to its mood disorders, but only for people under 65 years of age.

Answer 33

A

Question 34

Factors that predict positive retirement include all of the following except:

A. higher income.
B. part-time employment.
C. being in a relationship.
D. having a choice in the timing of retirement.

Answer 34

B

Question 35

Which of these is a valid criticism of the research on mood disturbance or stress and subsequent cancer diagnoses?

A. Cancer symptoms may have preceded the reported stress or mood disturbance.
B. Sample sizes are often small.
C. Other risk factors and mediating social supports are not always controlled for.
D. All of the given options are correct.

Answer 35

D

Question 36

Many studies have found that the quality of life score of people with advanced illness has been shown to be equivalent to that of healthy people. This can be explained by which of the following phenomena?

A. illness denial syndrome
B. response shift
C. social support equivalence
D. All of the given options are correct.

Answer 36

B