exam phill Flashcards
PHILOSOPY means
love of wisdom
Deals with the nature of the world and everything that
exists.
metaphysics
often considered the first
Greek philosopher, proposed that everything was made of
water.
THALES 624-475 BCE
claimed that everything was in a
state of flux or perpetual movement, and that everything
would start and end with fire.
HERACLITUS
535-475 BCE
• Deals with knowledge and knowing.
• In studying knowledge, the philosopher concerns himself
with questions about truth whether it is even possible to know
what is true
epistemology
• deals more with how we live and act
value theory
deals with moral principles, We’re interested in
how to live and act as a member of a society, as rational
beings.
ethics
deals with principles of beauty and artistic
rate. beauty is the main concern and whether it is possible
to actually have a standard of beauty of all
aesthetics
who once said that a man is a rational animal
ARISTOTLE
384-322 BCE
the use of arguments also called premises. the goal of philosophical discourse
logic
often said to start from the general and end with the specific
deductive argument
characterized by predictive power ( probabilities )
inductive argument
story, picture, or other piece of art that uses symbols to
convey a hidden or ulterior meaning, typically a moral
or political one
allegory
one of the most famous philosophical concepts in the
history of human civilizations
allegory of the cave
It originated from two Greek words, episteme
which means ‘knowledge’, and logos which
means ‘study’ or ‘discourse’.
epistemology
type of knowledge
that we acquire as
we experience the
world.
‘common sense’
knowledge
personal knowledge
type of knowledge that is
particular for skills, type of
knowledge that you can
practice, and usually
involves motor function
practical knowledge
type of knowledge that
makes a claim: it
proposes something to
be true
propositional knowledge
When one makes a
claim, he must have
faith that his claim is
true.
belief
even if you had the
belief that you will be
exempted, but
because your belief
did not correspond to
the truth, then you
did not know that you
will be exempted
truth
Plato’s dialogues, he
proposed that to truly
know means having the
ability to explain and
reason about it
justification
the claim of the conclusion are not supported by the premises
fallacy of irrelevance
argument to the man. consists of an attack to the person who is speaking the argument rather than to the argument itself
ad hominem
an appeal to the stick. punish someone inorder to force him to behave how you want him to
ad baculum
an appeal to misery. in a form of verbal (crying) appeals to a persons emotion to convince someone
ad misericordiam
appeal to hypocrisy commit by justifying our wrong actions because someone has done it as well
to quoque
a person asserts that one occurrence leads to another and so on until a terrible conclusion is reached
fallacies of presumption
a sequence of claim that will cause another event which will cause another event and so on ( domino theory )
slippery slope
when we mistakenly assume that what is true for the parts must also be true for the whole
fallacy of composition
what we mistakenly assume that what is true is true for the whole part
fallacy of division
fallacy that we commit due to our limitations in language
fallacies of ambiguity
when we use a single term with two or more meanings
fallacy of equivocation
