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soc 100 > Exam one > Flashcards

Exam one Flashcards

1
Q

the ever increasing flow of goods, services, money, people technology information, and other cultural items across national boarderes

A

globalization

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2
Q

something unique to a locality such as the song “gangnam style” or kentucky bourbon is launched on a path toward globalization

A

glocalization

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3
Q

the scientific study of human activity in society. more specifically, it is the study of the social forces that influences or pressure people to behave, respond, or think in certain ways

A

sociology

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4
Q

anything humans create that influences or pressures people to behave, respond, or think in certain ways

A

social forces

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5
Q

a quality of mind that allows people to grasp how remote and impersonal social forces shape their life story or biography

A

socialogical imagination

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6
Q

day-to-day activities from birth to death that make up a person’s life

A

biography

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7
Q

personal needs, problems, or difficulties brought on by individual shortcomings related to motivation, attitude ability, character, or judgement

A

trouble

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8
Q

a matter that can be explained only by factors outside an individual’s control and immediate enivroment

A

issue

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9
Q

defining feature of the industrial revolution.

the process of replacing human and animal muscle as a source of power with external sources derived from coal.

A

mechanization

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10
Q

the scientific study of social patterns (Comte), theory stating that valid knowledge about the world can be derived only from sense experience of knowing the world through the sense of sight, touch, taste, smell, and hearing from empirical assoiations

A

positivism

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11
Q

major force that drives social change

A

conflict

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12
Q

the resources essential to the production and distribution of goods and services

A

means of production

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13
Q

Marx’s term for capitalists, those who own the means of production

A

bourgeonisie

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14
Q

Marx’s term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

A

Proletariat

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15
Q

system of social ties that connects people to one another and to the wiser society (Durkheim)

A

solidarity

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16
Q

a state in which the ties attaching the individual to others in the society are weak (Durkheim)

A

egoistic

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17
Q

the ties attaching the individual to the group are such that he or she has no life beyond the group (Durkheim)

A

altruistic

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18
Q

a state in which the ties attaching individuals to the group are disrupted by a drastic social change in economic circumstances (Durkheim)

A

anomic

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19
Q

the ties attaching the individual to the group involve discipline so oppressive it offers o chance of release (Durkheim)

A

fatalistic

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20
Q

actions people take in response to others

A

social action

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21
Q

“this sense of always look at oneself’s through the eyes of others.”

A

double consciousness

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22
Q

barrier supported by customs and laws separating non whites from white, especially with regard to their place in the division of labor

A

color line

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23
Q

firsthand knowledge gained by living and working among those being studied

A

sympathetic knowledge

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24
Q
  • One of the founders o sociology
  • coined the term “sociology”
  • believed sociology could unite all sciences and improve society
  • prositvist
  • theorized a 3 stage development of society
A

Auguste Comte

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25
Q
  • class conflict and control
  • sees society through evolving stages
  • society evolves through different modes of production in which the upper class controls the means of production and the lower class is forced to provide labor
  • critical of capitalism
  • under capitalism, the proletariat must alienate their labor
  • the bourgeoisie try to preserve capitalism by promoting ideologies that keep workers from revolting
A

Karl Marx

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26
Q
  • believed society exerted a powerful force on individuals
  • people’s norms, beliefs, and values make up a collective consciousness, or a shared way of understanding and behaving in the world
  • collective consciousness binds individuals together and creates social integration
  • mechanical vs. organic solidarity
  • wrote the book suicide
  • examined the ties that bind people to society
  • anomic, egoistic, altruistic, fatalistic
A

Emile Durkheim

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27
Q
  • class, status, and power
  • indentified social actions people take in response others
  • traditional, affectional, value- rational, instrumental- rational
  • ideal type a identified preconditions for the emergence of bureaucracy
  • the “iron cage”: the increasing rationalization in western societies that trap individuals in systems based solely on efficiency, rational calculation and control
  • social status is a combo of property, prestige, and power
A

Max Weber

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28
Q
  • promoted full civil equality
  • cofounder of the NAACP
  • led the fight against racism, lynching, and Jim Crow laws
  • vocal on issues relating to African american liberties, condemning Wilson’s segregation of federal positions, and encouraging the Great Migration
  • coined the term “Double Consciousness”
  • color line
A

W.E.B. DuBois

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29
Q

the contribution a part of society makes to an existing social order

A

function

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30
Q

refers to the way people have organized interaction and other activities to achieve some valued goal – to take care of the sick, to pass on knowledge, to encourage interest in robots etc.

A

social order

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31
Q

intended or anticipated effect that a part has on the existing social order

A

manifest function

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32
Q

unintended, unanticipated disruption to an existing social arrangements that downplays or dismisses any possibility that the arrangement advantages some groups over others

A

Facade of legitimacy

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33
Q

everyday encounters in which people communicate, interpret, and response to each other’s words and action

A

social interventions

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34
Q

any kind of physical phenomenon to which people assign a name, meaning, or value

A

symbol

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35
Q

the sum of existing expectations and newly negotiated ones

A

negotiated order

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36
Q

various strategies that sociologists and other scientists use to formulate or answer meaningful research questions and to collect, analyze, and interpret data gathered

A

research method

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37
Q

a carefully planed data-gathering and data analysis process that researchers open to outside critique and replication

A

scientific method

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38
Q

a stance in which researcher’s personal, or subjective, view do not influence their observations or the outcomes of their research

A

objectivity

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39
Q

a set of questions given to respondents who read the instructions and fill in the answers themselves

A

self administered questionnaire

40
Q

an interview in which the wording and sequence of questions are set in advance and cannot be changed during the interview

A

structured interview

41
Q

an interview in which the question-and-answer sequence is spontaneous, open-ended, and flexible

A

unstructured interview

42
Q

a research technique in which the researcher watches, listen to, and records behavior and conversations as they happen

A

observation

43
Q

a research technique in which the researcher observes study participants without interacting with them

A

nonparticipant observation

44
Q

a research technique in which the researcher observes study participants while directly interacting with them

A

partipant observation

45
Q

a phenomenon in which research subjects alter their behavior when they learn they are being observed

A

hawthorne effect

46
Q

data that has been collected by other researchers for some other purpose

A

secondary sources

47
Q

clear, precise definitions and instructions about how to observe and or measure the variable under study

A

operational definitions

48
Q

the extent to which an operational definition gives consistent results

A

reliability

49
Q

the degree to which the described measure actually measures what it claims to measure

A

validity

50
Q

the extent to which findings can be applied to the larger population from which a sample is drawn

A

generalizability

51
Q

portions of the cases from a larger population

A

samples

52
Q

a type of sample in which every case in the population has an equal chance of being selected

A

random sample

53
Q

a type of sample in which those selected for study have the same distribution of characteristics as the population from which it is selected

A

representative sample

54
Q

the process by which people acquire a social identity and learn about the groups to which they belong and do not belong

A

socialization

55
Q

a group to which a person belongs to, identifies, admires, and or feels loyalty

A

in group

56
Q

any group to which a person does not belong

A

out group

57
Q

the process in which people take as their own and accept as binding the norms, values, beliefs, and language that their socializers are attempting to pass on

A

internalization

58
Q

human genetic makeup or biological inheritance

A

nature

59
Q

the social experiences that make up individual’s life

A

nature

60
Q

the experiences shared and recalled by significant number of people. such memories are revived, preserved, shared, passed on and recast in many forms, such as stories, holidays, ritual

A

collective memory

61
Q

the process of stepping into another person’s shoes by which to imaginatively view and assess our (and others’) behavior, appearance, and thoughts

A

role- taking

62
Q

a voluntary and often spontaneous activity with few or no formal rues that is no subject to constraints of time or place

A

play

63
Q

structured, organized activities that usually involve more than one person and a number of constraints, such as established roles, rules, time, place, and outcome

A

games

64
Q

a system of expected behaviors and meaning that transcend the people paricipating

A

generalized other

65
Q

gestures that convey the same meaning to the people transmitting them and receiving them

A

significant symbol

66
Q

any action that requires people to interpret its meaning the people transmitting them and receiving them

A

gesture

67
Q

the social self– the part of the self that is the product of interaction with others and that has internalized the rules and expectations

A

me

68
Q

the active and creative aspect of the self that questions the expectations and rules for behavior

A

i

69
Q

a process in which a sense of self develops, enabling one to see oneself reflected in others’ real or imagined reaction to ones appearance and behavior

A

looking glass self

70
Q

significant others, primary groups, in groups, out groups, and institutions that shape our sense of self or social identity, teach us about the groups to which we do and do not belong, help us realize our human capacities, and help us negotiate the social and physical environment we have inherited

A

agents of socialization

71
Q

two or more people who share a distinct identity, feel a sense of belonging, and interact directly or indirectly with one another

A

group

72
Q

a social group that has face to face contact and strong emotional ties among its members

A

primary group

73
Q

forms of communication designed to reach large audiences without face to face contact between those conveying and those receiving the messages

A

mass media

74
Q

the process that involves breaking with behaviors and ways of thinking that are unsuited to existing or changing circumstances and replacing with new, more appropriate ways of behaving and thinking

A

resocialization

75
Q

institutions in which people surrender control of their lives, voluntarily or involuntarily, to an administrative staff and carry out daily activities with others requires to do the same thing

A

total institution

76
Q

sustained social interactions between two or more parties, each of whom live in a different country

A

transnational relationships

77
Q

everyday encounters in which people communicate, interpret, and respond to each other’s words and actions

A

social interaction

78
Q

a largely invisible system that coordinates and constrains behavior in broadly predictable ways

A

social structure

79
Q

a human created and defined position in society

A

social status

80
Q

social status that are result of chance in that people exert no effort to obtain them (a person’s birth order, race, sex, and age)

A

ascribed status

81
Q

social statuses acquired through some combination of personal choice, effort , and ability. (a person marital status, occupation, education)

A

achieved statuses

82
Q

all that statuses any one person assumes

A

status set

83
Q

one status in a status set that overshadows the others such that it shapes every aspect of life and dominates social interactions

A

master status

84
Q

the behavior expected of a status in relation to another status

A

role

85
Q

the array of roles associated with a given social status

A

role set

86
Q

norms about how a role should be carried out in relation to other statuses

A

role expectations

87
Q

the actual behavior of the person occupying a role

A

role performance

88
Q

a predicament in which the roles associated with two or more distinct statuses that a person hold conflicts in song way

A

role conflict

89
Q

a predicament in which there are contradictory or conflicting roles expectations associated with a single status

A

role strain

90
Q

two or more people who interact for a specific purpose, secondary group relationships are confined to particular setting and specific tasks

A

secondary groups

91
Q

relatively stable and predictable social arrangements created and sustained by people that have merged other time with purpose of coordinating hum activities to meet some need, such as food, shelter, or clothing.

A

institutions

92
Q

web of social relationships that link people to one another

A

social network

93
Q

a model in which social interaction is viewed as if it were a theater, people as if they were actors, and roles as if they were performances before an audience in particular setting

A

dramaturgical management

94
Q

the area visible to the audience, where people feel compelled to present themselves in expected ways

A

front stage

95
Q

the area out of the audiences sight, where individuals let down their guard and do thinks that would be inappropriate or unexpected in a front state setting

A

back stage

96
Q

work that requires employees to display an emotional stage in front of customers, suppress specific emotions, and manage customer/client eotions

A

emotional labor

97
Q

conscious efforts people make to manage their feeling by evoking an expected emotional state or suppressing an inappropiate

A

emotion work

soc 100 (5 decks)

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