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Positive Psychology > Exam One > Flashcards

Exam One Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Construction

A

Reality rests in perception rather than “formal truth”, cultural values shape perceptions and “truth:(We have too many filters like gender differences)

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2
Q

Reality Negotiation

A

the process by which differing social constructions can merge to re-define a common, agreed-upon “reality”

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3
Q

What were the effects before and after WW2?

A

Before: curing mental illness (nurturing talent, good life) After: treating mental health

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4
Q

Work+Play+Love=

A

“Normalcy”- Freud

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5
Q

Hegelian Dialet

A

George Hegel

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6
Q

What is the eastern view of the Good Life?

A

“a spiritual journey involving others that results in transcendence and enlightenment”

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7
Q

What is the Western view of the Good Life?

A

optimal intrapsychic functioning with pursuit of a better life on earth

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8
Q

Western Influences: Athens

A

Plato initiated and argued for positive influence of community on character development and Artistotle elaborated moral and intellectual virtues

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9
Q

Western Influences: Judeo Christian

A

hospitatlity to the poor, ethical fairness, peace-making

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10
Q

Eastern Influences

A

common trend is balance

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11
Q

Becker and Maracek

A

say positive psych. is wrong because self-fulfillment is western/ also said its clubby and has an anthem, opportunity is not available to all and it has neglect of social institutions

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12
Q

The Paradox of Choice author

A

Schwartz

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13
Q

The Paradox of Choice

A

The more choices the worse it is

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14
Q

What pivotal development “derailed” the mission of psychology
toward concentrating more heavily on mental illness rather than applying psychology toward helping people lead more fulfilling lives or nurturing talent?

A

World War 2

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15
Q

Who is widely regarded as the “igniter” of interest in positive psychology?

A

Martin Seligman

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16
Q

Which is the best definition of the value of TRANSCENDENCE?

A

Forging appreciative connections to the larger universe

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17
Q

Choosing between a POSITIVE versus a PATHOLOGY perspective about how the world operates depends on your

A

Social constructions of the facts

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18
Q

Which term stands for the ability of a test to produce consistent findings over multiple administrations?

A

Reliability

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19
Q

Which term stands for the psychometric property of a test measuring what it intended to measure?

A

Validity

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20
Q

Which term represents the extent to which a concept has the same definition in two different cultures?

A

Construct equivalence

21
Q

Which term represents the extent measurement strategies can be equally applied to two different cultures?

A

Metric equivalence

22
Q

Which term focuses on assessing whether proper translation from an original language to a second language has occurred?

A

Linguistic equivalence

23
Q

If I develop a new test on optimism and it shows a strong and similar result to Seligman’s Learned Optimism Inventory, which principle have I demonstrated?

A

Construct Validity

24
Q

When I can use scores on a scale to predict performance on another behavior (e.g., job performance) or results on another test I am demonstrating

A

Criterion Validity

25
Q

If I slip questions from chapter 12 in a test that is supposed to cover chapters 4-6, I have weakened the claim for which of the following?

A

Content validity

26
Q

Agape is most associated with

A

selfless concern for the welfare of others

27
Q

Which term refers to individuals who have simultaneously high levels of social, emotional, and psychological well-being

A

Flourishing

28
Q

A test cannot be valid if it is

A

unreliable

29
Q

Forms of reliability

A

Split half/ alternate forms and inter-rater

30
Q

Biological theory

A

Biological determinants of child rearing

31
Q

Psychoanalytic

A

The intersection of culture and personality

32
Q

Behavioral

A

Educational applications

33
Q

Cognitive Developmental

A

How thinking and cognition unfold influenced by culture

34
Q

Resilience as a concept emerged in the 1970s.

Why?

A

Started looking at abused children and their potential to be future abusers

35
Q

What does research say about resilience?

A

child more likely to bounce back if they are committed to a tradition , and have connection to caring adult

36
Q

How to age well and founder?

A

Engage in problem-solving strategies (Werner)

37
Q

Describe the two strategies to research resilience?

A

First: looking at how variables combine leads to resilience

And second looking at who are surviving adversity

38
Q

The 1/3 that was invulnerable were:

A

outgoing and engaged in social support

39
Q

What was nun longevity predicted by?

A

diary content reflecting positive emotion

40
Q

What does etiology mean?

A

cause

41
Q

Eugenics

A

famous selective breeding study (correlation) on heritable feeblemindedness

42
Q

Cultural deficiency

A

superiority of power holding culture

43
Q

Cultural pluralism

A

recognizing distinction but still favoring power culture

44
Q

Cultural relativism

A

factors in context

45
Q

Psychological strength is

A

universal

46
Q

No one strength is

A

universal

47
Q

Context affects

A

strength development

48
Q

Culture is both

A

a reflection and determinant of life goals

49
Q

We must look beyond out worldview to understand

A

individual strengths

Positive Psychology (7 decks)

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