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Anatomy > Exam III - Thorax > Flashcards

Exam III - Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the contents of the Posterior Thoracic Wall

A

12 Thoracic vertbrae
12 pairs of ribs
12 spinal nerves (T1-T12)

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2
Q

What two joints make up the Anterior Thoracic wall

A

Synovial

Synchrondrosis

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3
Q

Describe a Synovial joint

A

Very mobile

Between costal cartilage of ribs and sternum

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4
Q

Describe a Synchrondrosis joint

A

Little mobility
Between rib 1 and manubrium
Make up the sternum

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5
Q

What are the contents of the Anterior Thoracic wall

A 
Costal cartilage
manubrium with jugular notch
Sternal angle
Body of sternum
Xiphoid process
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6
Q

Where are the Sternal angles located

A

Between manubrium and body of sternum
Rib 2 and sternum
T4-T5

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7
Q

What are sternabrae

A

Fused bony structures making up the sternum

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8
Q

When is the sternum completely fused

A

between ages 15-17

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9
Q

what are the borders of the superior thoracic aperture

A

T1
Rib 1
Manubrium

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10
Q

What make up the opening to the thorax

A

superior aspects of the pleural cavity

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11
Q

what are the borders of the inferior thoracic aperture

A 
TXII
Rib XII
Cartilage of other ribs
xiphoid process
closed by diaphragm
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12
Q

What are the three hiatuses within the inferior thoracic aperture

A

Vena caval
Aortic
Esophageal

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13
Q

What are the contents of the hiatuses within the diaphragm

A 
Inferior vena cava
esophagus
vagus nerve
aorta
thoracic duct
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14
Q

what innervates the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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15
Q

What are the true ribs

A

Ribs 1-7

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16
Q

What are the false ribs

A

ribs 8-12

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17
Q

what are the floating ribs

A

ribs 11 and 12

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18
Q

What ligament connects the rib head to body of vertebrae

A

Radiate sternocostal ligament

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19
Q

What ligament connects rib tubercle with transverse process

A

superior and lateral costotransverse ligament

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20
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the intercostal muscles

A

O - inferior border of superior rib

I - superior border of inferior rib

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21
Q

What are the origin and insertion of the external intercostal muscles?

A

O - superior border of inferior rib

I - inferior border of superior rib

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22
Q

Where is the intercostal neurovascular bundle located

A

between the internal and inner intercostal muscles

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23
Q

What makes up the intercostal neurovascular bundle

A

intercostal vein, artery, nerve

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24
Q

What is Throacotomy

A

the insertion of a chest tube into the pleural cavity to drain air, blood, bile, puss or other fluids

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25
Q

What are the deepest muscles of the anterior wall

A

transversus thoracis
subcostalis
Posterior - levatoras costarum

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26
Q

What are the origin and insertion of transversus thoracis

A

O - inferior 1/3 of sternum

I - costal cartilage 2-6

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27
Q

what are the origin and insertion of subcostalis

A

O - angle of lower rib

I - angle of higher rib

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28
Q

What are the 4 intercostal arteries

A

posterior intercostal
anterior intercostal
first and second intercostal

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29
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries branch from

A

Aorta

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30
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries branch from

A

internal thoracic artery, which branches from the subclavian artery

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31
Q

What are the terminal branches of the internal thoracic artery

A

Musculophrenic artery

Superficial epigastric artery

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32
Q

What does the musculophrenic artery supply

A

anterior intercostal arteries to 7-9th intercostal spaces

also to diaphragm

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33
Q

what does the superficial epigastric artery supply

A

anterior abdominal wall

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34
Q

what supplies the intercostal veins

A

right brachiocephalic vein
azygous vein
accessory hemizygous vein
internal thoracic vein

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35
Q

what drains into the right brachiocephalic vein

A

anterior intercostal vein

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36
Q

what does the right brachiocephalic vein drain to

A

vena cava

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37
Q

where is the azygous vein located

A

posterior, right side only

38
Q

what drains into the azygous vein

A

anterior intercostal veins

39
Q

what does the azygous vein drain into

A

vena cava

40
Q

where does the internal thoracic vein drain into

A

brachiocephalic vein

41
Q

where do lymph nodes drain into

A

mostly the thoracic duct, then left subclavian vein

42
Q

where are intercostal lymph nodes located

A

posteriorly along vertebrae

43
Q

where are parasternal lymph nodes located

A

anteriorly along the sternum

44
Q

where is parietal pleura located

A

against the wall of pleural cavity

45
Q

where is visceral pleura located

A

directly on the lungs

46
Q

what do serrous fluids do

A

allow lungs to stick to the thoracic wall

47
Q

what connects the lungs to major vessels

A

hilum and root

48
Q

what happens during inhalation of air

A

scalene, external intercostals and diaphragm contract
lung volume increases
chest expands

49
Q

what happens during exhalation of air

A

externals relax
internal and innermost intercostals contract
abdominals increase force
lung volume decreases

50
Q

Trace the path of the respiratory system

A 
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Primary bronchi
Bronchioles
51
Q

Describe the respiratory tree

A 
Adams apple
Trachea
Right and Left primary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Alveoli (gas exchange)
52
Q

Where do things usually go when accidentally inhaled

A

into the right primary bronchi

53
Q

name the two lung recesses or spaces

A

costomediastinal recess

costodiaphragmatic recess

54
Q

Name two lung deficiencies

A

Pneunothorax (collapsed lung)

Small cell carcinoma

55
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the mediastinum

A

superior
middle
anterior
posterior

56
Q

what are the borders of the superior mediastinum divison

A

rib 1
manubrium
thoracic vertebrae

57
Q

what are the borders of the anterior mediastinum division

A

body and xiphoid of sternum

58
Q

what are the borders of the posterior mediastinum division

A

thoracic vertebrae

59
Q

Where are T-lymphocytes found

A

within the Thymus

60
Q

Where is the thymus located

A

posterior to manubrium

61
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located

A

superior to thymus

superficial to trachea

62
Q

what arteries are located within the mediastinum

A 
common carotid
subclavian
ascending and descending aorta
aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk
63
Q

what veins are located within the mediastinum

A

jugular veins
subclavian
superior vena cava

64
Q

what nerves are located within the mediastinum

A

vagus nerves
recurrent laryngeal nerves
phrenic nerves

65
Q

What does the Systemic System/Circulation do

A

pumps blood to and from body

left side of heart

66
Q

what does the Pulmonary System/Circulation do

A

pumps blood to and from lungs for gas exchange

67
Q

describe the path of deoxygenated blood in the pulmonary arteries

A

arteries
alveoli
respiratory tree
breath out

68
Q

describe the path of oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins

A

oxygen from air
respiratory tree
alveoli
pulmonary veins to left atrium

69
Q

Where does oxygenated blood go in the body

A

from the lungs, back to heart, out to the body

70
Q

where does deoxygenated blood go in the body

A

from the body, to the heart, then to the lungs

71
Q

What are the membranes of the heart

A 
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium
epicardium 
myocardium
endocardium
72
Q

fibrous pericardium

A

outermost layer of the heart

73
Q

serous pericardium

A

parietal and visceral

74
Q

myocardium

A

cardia muscle of heart

thickest layer

75
Q

endocardium

A

innermost layer of the heart

76
Q

What is Pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium

appears as small bumps on the inside of the heart

77
Q

How does congestive heart failure occur

A

when the pericardial cavity fills with fluid

78
Q

What is the purpose of the bronchial vessels

A

to supply and drain the lungs and bronchus tissue

79
Q

Where does the right atrium get blood from

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

80
Q

Where does the right ventricle get blood from

A

the right atrium

81
Q

Where does the left atrium get blood from

A

4 pulmonary veins

82
Q

What are the four valves of the heart

A

Aortic semilunar valve
pulmonary semilunar valve
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve

83
Q

What do valves do

A

prevent backflow of blood

84
Q

Describe the pathway of deoxygenated blood in the body

A 
Body
Superior/inferior vena cava and coronary sinus
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
85
Q

Describe the pathway of oxygenated blood in the body

A 
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Ascending Aorta
Body
86
Q

What are the cardiac veins of the heart

A

Coronary Sinus
Great cardiac
Middle Cardiac
Small cardiac

87
Q

What are the right coronary arteries

A

Right Coronary Artery
Marginal Artery
Posterior Interventricular Artery

88
Q

What are the left coronary arteries

A

Left Coronary Artery
Left Anterior Descending artery (LAD)
Circumflex branch
Posterior Interventicular Artery

89
Q

What is a coronary bypass

A

a new piece of vein, usuaully Great Saphenou, is removed and inserted between the aortic arch and left or right coronary artery

90
Q

What is hypertrophy

A

the enhanced growth of something

Anatomy (15 decks)

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