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Anatomy > Exam II - Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Exam II - Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What is Subacromial Bursitis?

A

the inflammation and distension of bursa causing painful arc syndrome when the supraspinatus tendon moves closer to the acromion from overuse

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2
Q

What is SLAP?

A

Superior Labral tear from Anterior to Posterior

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3
Q

Describe a SLAP tear

A

Long head of biceps brachii tendon attaches to fibrocartilaginous labrum of glenoid;
occurs when the biceps tendon tears the labrum, usually when attempting to catch oneself while falling face first

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4
Q

What happens when the long thoracic nerve is damaged?

A

Effects Serratus anterior; results in winged scapula

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5
Q

Name the muscles of limb abduction

A

Supraspinatus (15 degrees)
Deltoid (15-90)
Trapezius and Serratus Anterior (<90)

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6
Q

Name the borders and inlet of the Axilla

A 
Inlet - rib 1, clavicle, scapula
Anterior - Pec muscles,. subclavius
Posterior - complex bones and muscles
Lateral - humerus
Medial - Serratus anterior and ribs
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7
Q

What do the dorsal rami do?

A

Provide sensory to the posterior body

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8
Q

What are the terminal branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaenous
Median
Ulnar
Radial
Axillary
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9
Q

Innervation of Musculocutaenous nerve

A

Motor to medial anterior (flexor) of the arm

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10
Q

Innervation of Median nerve

A

Motor to anterior (flexor) of the forearm and thenar muscles

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11
Q

Innervation of Ulnar nerve

A

Motor to medial anterior (flexor) of the forearm and the head

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12
Q

Innervation of Radial nerve

A

Motor to posterior arm and forearm

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13
Q

Innervation of Axillary nerve

A

Motor of deltoid and teres minor

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14
Q

Border of the Quadrangular Space

A

Superior - inferior margin of teres minor
Inferior - superior margin of teres major
Lateral - surgical neck of humerus
Medial - lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii

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15
Q

Contents of Quadrangular Space

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery

Axillary nerve

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16
Q

Borders of the Triangular Space

A

Lateral - medial margin of long head of triceps brachii
Superior - inferior margin of teres minor
Inferior - superior margin of teres major

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17
Q

Contents of Triangular Space

A

Curcumflex scapular artery

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18
Q

Borders of the Triangular Interval

A

Lateral - humerus
Medial - lateral margin of long head of triceps brachii
Superior - teres major

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19
Q

Contents of Triangular Interval

A

Radial nerve

Deep brachial artery

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20
Q

What is anastomosis?

A

connection between adjacent channels or tubes (in our case, blood vessels)

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21
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

System of vessels, nodes, ducts and organs that produces and transports lymph

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22
Q

What is lymph?

A

clear fluid made up of lymphocytes and emulsified fats

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23
Q

What is the process of the lymphatic system?

A

1) Collect and return interstitial fluids
2) Produce lymphocytes for defense
3) Absorb and transport lipids

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24
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling, excess lymphatic fluid

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25
Q

What happens when lymph enters the nodes?

A

1) Enters nodes via afferent vessels
2) It is then filtered and harmful particles are removed using lymphocytes and macrophages
3) Filtered lymph exits via afferent vessels to one of the 5 major trunks

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26
Q

What are the major trunks of the lymphatic system?

A 
Jugular
Subclavian
Bronchomediastinal
Intestinal
Lumbar
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27
Q

Where does cisterna chyli emtpy to?

A

into the thoracic duct

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28
Q

Where does lymph in the right subclavian vein come from?

A

Right thorax
Upper extremity
Head

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29
Q

Where does lymph within the left subclavian vein come from?

A

the rest of the body

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30
Q

What passes through axillary lymph nodes?

A

lymphatic drainage from the lateral aspect of the breast

31
Q

What is lymphoma?

A

when lymphocytes exhibit uncontrolled growth

a type of cancer

32
Q

What innervates the palmar hand?

A

Median nerve - thumb and 2 digits

Ulnar nerve - ring and pinky finger

33
Q

What continues off the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve

34
Q

What is tendonitis of the biceps brachii?

A

inflammation of the tendon of the long head

35
Q

Where does the radial artery lie?

A

deep to brachioradialis

36
Q

What is the radial artery lateral to?

A

tendon of flexor carpi radialis

37
Q

What extensors are innervated by the radial nerve?

A

long and medial heads of triceps brachii
radial groove
lateral head of triceps brachii

38
Q

How would someone lose extension of their hand?

A

when there is damage to the radial nerve within the radial groove

39
Q

How is the elbow a hinge joint?

A

connection of humeral ulnar and humeral radial

40
Q

How is the elbow a pivot joint?

A

joint for supination and pronation at proximal radioulnar joint

41
Q

What is syndesmosis?

A

a fibrous joint between two bones bound by an interosseous membrane

42
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow?

A

Radial collateral
Ulnar collateral
Annular

43
Q

What is a “nursemaid’s elbow”?

A

dislocation of the ligaments of the elbow

44
Q

How is the elbow a synovial joint?

A

it is a largely mobile joint surrounded by a tough fibrous capsule and containing articular cartilage and a synovial membrane

45
Q

What does a synovial membrane do?

A

secrete a lubricating synovial fluid to reduce friction within joints

46
Q

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Superior - imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
Medial - Pronator teres
Lateral - Brachioradialis

47
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

radial artery

ulnar artery

48
Q

What protects the brachial artery from being punctured?

A

bicipital aponeurosis

49
Q

What are the contents of the anastamosis at the elbow?

A 
Radial artery
ulnar artery
radial recurrent artery
anterior recurrent artery
posterior recurrent artery
50
Q

What happens when the median nerve is damaged at the elbow?

A

weakened flexion at wrist (lose most flexors and all pronators)
cannot make a fist
“Hand of Benediction”

51
Q

What happens when the ulnar nerve is damaged at the elbow?

A

weakened flexion at the wrist

loss of finger ab- and adduction and opposition of pinky

52
Q

What are the 7 superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A 
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
anconeus
53
Q

What are the 5 deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A 
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
54
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis?

A

small tears in muscles on the lateral epicondyle in the elbow
“Tennis elbow”

55
Q

What is “Golfer’s elbow”?

A

strain and inflammation of the medial epicondyle in the elbow

56
Q

What are the branches of the radial nerve?

A

deep branch

superficial branch

57
Q

What does the deep branch of the radial nerve become?

A

the posterior interosseous nerve

58
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

fracture of the distal radius

59
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve
flexor pollicis longus
flexor tendons

60
Q

What are the borders of the Carpal tunnel?

A

Superficial - flexor retinaculum

Deep - Hamate bone, capitate bone, trapezoid bone, trapezium bone

61
Q

What happens when the median nerve is damaged in the carpal tunnel?

A

will lose motor function of hand, but sensation will remain

62
Q

What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Lateral - abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Medial - extensor pollicis longus

63
Q

What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Radial artery

64
Q

What are the ligaments of the wrist?

A 
Radiocarpal
Radial collateral
Carpometacarpal
Intercarpal
Ulnar collateral
Ulnocarpal
Palmar radioulnar
65
Q

What are the 3 degrees of freedom of the hand?

A

1) flex and extend
2) supinate and pronate
3) deviating ulnarly or radially

66
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the hand?

A

Thenar

Hypothenar

67
Q

What are the deep muscles of the hand?

A

Adductor pollicis
Lumbricals
Interossei

68
Q

What do lumbricals do?

A

flex and extend the phalanges

69
Q

What do interossei do?

A

abduct and adduct the phalanges

70
Q

What nerves innervate the anterior forearm?

A

Median and ulnar nerves

71
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

72
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

73
Q

What are the muscles of the deep layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

Anatomy (15 decks)

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