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Anatomy > Exam II - Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Exam II - Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up os coxae?

A

ilium, pubis and ischium

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2
Q

What does the sacroiliac joint do?

A

links limb to axial skeleton

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3
Q

What is symphysis?

A

a permanent cartilaginous joint

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4
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

a notch for the femur

made up by the ischium, pubis and ilium

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5
Q

What are the ligaments of the Pelvic girdle?

A

posterior sacroiliac
iliolumbar
sacrospinous
sacrotuberous

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6
Q

What does the posterior sacroiliac liagment do?

A

connects the sacrum to PSIS

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7
Q

What does the iliolumbar ligament do?

A

connects L5 to iliac crest to stabilize lumbosacral joint

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8
Q

What do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments do?

A

attach the sacrum to os coxae

create the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

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9
Q

What are the openings of the pelvis?

A

Greater sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen
Obturator canal
Gap between inguinal ligament and pelvis

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10
Q

What are the contents of the greater sciatic foramen?

A

sciatic nerve

gluteal nerve

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11
Q

What are the contents of the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

pudendal nerve

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12
Q

What are the contents of the obturator canal?

A

obturator nerve

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13
Q

What are the contents of the gap between the inguinal ligament and pelvis?

A

the femoral nerve

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14
Q

What is an avulsion factor?

A

When a tendon/ligament pulls off a piece of bone

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15
Q

What type of joint is the hip?

A

synovial joint

ball-and-socket joint

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16
Q

What is the acetabular foramen?

A

the space between the acetabulum and the transverse acetabular ligament

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17
Q

What ligaments hold the femur within the acetabulum?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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18
Q

What is the largest extensor of the thigh?

A

Gluteus maximus

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19
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

Medial - adductor longus
Lateral - sartorius
Superior - inguinal ligament

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20
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Nerve, artery, vein (all femoral)

21
Q

What are the two parts of adductor magnus?

A

Adductor and hamstring

22
Q

What is a pulled groin?

A

tearing or stretching of any of the adductor group at the pubis

23
Q

What are the borders of the Adductor Hiatis?

A

Lateral - femur

Medial/Superior - adductor magnus

24
Q

What are the contents of the adductor hiatis?

A

femoral artery

25
Q

What are the two joints of the knee?

A

1) femur and tibia

2) femur and patella

26
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

complex hinge joint

27
Q

What is a fabella?

A

small sesmoid in lateral tendon of gastrocnemius

28
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee?

A 
Patellar
Transverse genicular
Popliteal
Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
29
Q

What is the largest synovial joint in the body?

A

the knee

30
Q

Describe the synovial joint of the knee

A

Membrane attaches to menisci
Suprapatellar brusa extends superiorly continuous with capsule
Contains an infrapatellar fatpad

31
Q

What is an infrapatellar fat pad?

A

reduces friction with quad tendon during bending of the knee

32
Q

Describe the anastamosis of the knee

A

Circumflex femoral artery
Circumfelx fibular artery
Popliteal artery
Femoral artery

33
Q

What is a PCL tear?

A

sprain or tear of PCL

tibia moves too far posteriorly

34
Q

What is an ACL tear?

A

sprain or tear of ACL
bones of the leg twist in opposite directions
tibia moves too far anteriorly

35
Q

What is the “Unhappy Triad”?

A

Torn MCL, medial meniscus and ACL

36
Q

What are the borders of the Popliteal fossa?

A

Superior - semimembranosus

Inferior - gastrocnemius

37
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve

38
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

muscle contraction will facilitate backflow from the deep veins to superficial veins
veins dilate
valves of perforating veins become incompetent

39
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle (talocrural) joint?

A

synovial joint

hinge-like

40
Q

What are the ligaments of the ankle?

A 
Deltoid with multiple parts
Calcaneonavicular
Tibio fibular
Talofibular
Calcaneal
41
Q

What does the calcaneonavicular ligament do?

A

stabilizes longitudinal arch of foot

42
Q

What are the two parts of the calcaneal ligament?

A

Talocalcaneal

Calcaneal fibular

43
Q

What are the borders of the Tarsal Tunnel?

A

Floor - talus, medial malleolus, calcaneous

Roof - flexor retinaculum

44
Q

What are the contents of the Tarsal Tunnel?

A

Tendon of flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior
Posterior tibial artery
Posterior tibial nerve

45
Q

What ligaments support the foot arch?

A

Spring ligament
Long and short plantar
Plantar aponeurosis

46
Q

What is a Jones fracture?

A

fracture of the 5th metatarsal at the diaphysis

an inversion injury attributed to overuse

47
Q

What is a high ankle sprain?

A

tear of the ligaments that connect the tibia and fibula

48
Q

Why is proper footwear important?

A

can otherwise lead to flat feet, painful plantar fasciitis or hammer toe

Anatomy (15 decks)

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