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Health Assessment > EXAM III - Eyes > Flashcards

EXAM III - Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

Strabizmus

A

Misalignment of the eyes (cross-eyed

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2
Q

Normal constriction of pupil when bright light shines on retina

A

Pupillary Light Reflex

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3
Q

Simultaneous constriction of the other pupil with pupillary light reflex

A

Consensual Light Reflex (from CN II and III)

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4
Q

What is it called when the eye adapts for near vision

A

Accommodation

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5
Q

What CN forms the retina?

A

CN II (Optic)

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6
Q

Does the retina have regenerate?

A

No. It’s made of neurons and can’t regenerate

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7
Q

What structure of the eye has nerve cells that are responsible for color vision and translating visual images into stimuli that the brain can interpret?

A

The retina

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8
Q

What structure of the eye is normally yellow, circular, clearly defined borders?

A

Optic disk

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9
Q

What is the optometrist looking at when he dilates the eye?

A

Looks at blood vessels to ensure perfusion

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10
Q

What structure of the eye has the vessels leading from it that perfuse the retina?

A

Optic disk

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11
Q

When look at eyes, looking for what with increased ICP that will cause changes in retina?

A

Papilledema

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12
Q

Where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

In the upper outer corner over eye

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13
Q

What gland secretes tears?

A

The lacrimal gland

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14
Q

How do tears drain from the eye?

A

Drain into puncta, on upper and lower lids at inner canthus.
Then drain into nasolacrimal sac, through ½-inch-long nasolacrimal duct, and empty into inferior meatus inside nose.

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15
Q

How many muscles attach to the eye?

A

six

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16
Q

What is it called when eyes are coordinated to ensure that when two eyes move, their axes always remain parallel?

A

Conjugate movement

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17
Q

What CNs control eye movement?

A

Cranial nerve VI: abducens nerve, innervates lateral rectus muscle, which abducts eye (look at the ears)
Cranial nerve IV: trochlear nerve, innervates superior oblique muscle (look at the nose)
Cranial nerve III: oculomotor nerve, innervates all the rest: the superior, inferior, and medial rectus and the inferior
(looks all over)

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18
Q

Which CN is damaged?

A

VI damaged because can’t offset IV

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19
Q

What are the three layers of the eye?

A
  • Outer fibrous sclera
  • Middle vascular choroid
  • Inner nervous retina
20
Q

The sclera is continuous with what structure in the eye?

A

Continuous anteriorly with smooth, transparent cornea, which covers iris and pupil

21
Q

What is the tough, protective, white covering of the eye?

A

The sclera

22
Q

What structure in the eye is part of refracting media of eye, bending incoming light rays so that they will be focused on inner retina?

A

Cornea

23
Q

What is the corneal reflex?

A

Contact with a wisp of cotton stimulates a blink in both eyes

24
Q

In the corneal reflex, what CN carries the sensory (afferent) signal to the brain and which CN brings the efferent message to blink the eyes?

A

Trigeminal carries afferent (V)
Facial carries efferent (VII)

25
Q

Pressure on what CN causes a lot of pain?

A

Trigeminal (V)

26
Q

What structure of the eye has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally and is heavily vascularized to deliver blood to retina

A

The choroid

27
Q

What structure of the eye functions as a diaphragm, varying opening at its center, the pupil to control amount of light admitted into retina?

A

Iris

28
Q

What does the iris do for near vision and for far vision/for bright light and for dim?

A

Contracts for near vision/bright light; dilates for far vision/dim light

29
Q

Bright light/near vision make the iris do what?

A

Contract

30
Q

How does the iris adjust to dim light/far vision?

A

Dilates

31
Q

Stimulation by the parasympathetic NS causes the pupil to do what?

A

Contract

32
Q

Stimulation by the sympathetic NS causes the pupil to do what?

A

Dilate

33
Q

What is the most commonly used and accurate measure of visual acuity?

A

The Snellen Eye Chart

34
Q

How far from the Snellen Eye chart does a patient stand?

A

20 feet

35
Q

When performing a visual acuity check using the Snellen Eye chart, what should the patient do with their regular and/or reading glasses and/or contact lenses?

A

Leave contact lenses and regular glasses on
Take reading glasses off

36
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

Loss of near vision as we age

37
Q

What is it called when normally transparent fibers of lens begin to thicken and yellow?

A

Cataracts

38
Q

What causes presbyopia?

A

Lens loses elasticity, becoming hard and glasslike, which decreases ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision.

39
Q

What are three conditions that affect visual acuity in older adults?

A

Cataract formation
Glaucoma
Macular degeneration

40
Q

What is glaucoma?

A

Increased intraocular pressure

41
Q

What is macular degeneration?

A

Breakdown of cells in macula of retina; loss of central vision is most common cause of blindness; person is unable to read fine print, sew, or do fine work; loss of central vision may cause great distress.

42
Q

In what condition do protein fibers begin to clump together creating a cloudy appearance?

A

Cataracts

43
Q

What condition is devoid of symptoms until significant and irreversible optic nerve injury has occurred; typically has gradual loss of peripheral vision?

A

Primary open-angle glaucoma

44
Q

What area of keenest vision is absent at birth but mature by 8 months?

A

The macula

45
Q

By what age can an infant fixate on a single image with both eyes simultaneously?

A

3-4 months

46
Q

At birth, what examination is usually postponed?

A

The eye exam

47
Q

What do OD and OS mean?

A

OD right eye
OS left eye

Health Assessment (7 decks)

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