Exam III Flashcards
Paraphilia
The intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or individuals.
Sexual Response Cycle
Excitement, Plateau, Orgasmic, Resolution
Performance Anxiety
Anxiety about performing sexually. May come from body image issues, premature ejaculation, difficulties, insecurities, etc.
Female Desire Disorder
About 1/3 of women in the US, usually no interest in sex, fantasies, initiation of sex, arousal, or sensations, at least 6 months, causes significant distress.
Male Hypoactive Disorder
At least 6 months, Causes distress, only 2% of males 16-44, male symptoms of the female desire disorder.
Sensate Focus
A therapeutic technique where the therapist assigns the couple the assignment of non-genital stimulation.
Erectile Dysfunction
Difficulty maintaining erection, generalized situations, can be caused by nicotine, increases with age, can be co-morbid or cause other diagnosis (depression, substance abuse)
Female Orgasmic Disorder
Normal sexual desire and excitement phase, little or no orgasm, about 10% of women never have an orgasm.
Genito-Pelvic Pain Disorder
Pain during intercourse that’s not due to lack of lubrication, may be caused by trauma
Frotteuristic Disorder
A disorder in which a person rubs their erect penis on a non-consenting person.
Gender Dysphoria
Strong and persistent cross-gender ID, discomfort with ones assigned sex, 2/3 of transgender boys ID as gay.
Diagnosis of Gender Dysphoria in Children (6)
Strong desire to be other gender, cross dressing, cross-gender roles and toys, rejection of gender toys, dislike of sexual anatomy, secondary sex characteristics, playmates of different gender.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Females with too high levels of sex hormones.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Males with androgynous sex characteristics.
Kraepelin
Father of modern psychiatry, credited with the classification of psychosis as- Manic depression or dementia
Delusions
False beliefs on a spectrum
Types of Delusions
Bizarre, Jealousy, Erotmanic, Grandiose, Mood congruent, mood incongruent, controlled, reference, persecutory, somatic, thought broadcasting, thought insertion
Characteristics of Psychotic Language
Word Salad, Clanging, Neologisms, Alogia, Hyper-metaphorical, Echolalia
Bizarre Delusions
Something that couldn’t have happened
Jealousy Delusions
Ridiculous accusations
Erotmanic Delusions
Believe someone is in love with them, usually famous
Grandiose Delusions
Self-important and powerful
Mood Congruent Delusions
Mood is equal to delusional state
Mood Incongruent Delusions
Mood is unequal to delusional state
Controlled Delusions
Environment is controlling them
Reference Delusions
Environment has a special connection to them
Persecutory Delusions
Followed/Plotted against
Somatic Delusions
False beliefs about bodies
Thought Broadcasting Delusions
Believe they can hear other people’s thoughts
Thought Insertion Delusions
Thoughts being put into their head
Word Salad
Words are randomly thrown together
Clanging
Repeat a word because they like the sound, not meaning
Neologisms
New words latched on to
Alogia
Little or no speech
Hyper-metaphorical
Over generalizations, latch on to a metaphor
Echolalia
Mimicing
Etiology of Schizophrenia
Heredity, Neurochemistry, Neuroanatomy, Neurobehavioral markers, Environmental Factors, Psychosocial, Family, Culture, SES, Trauma
Heredity- Schizophrenia
1st degree relatives have a 10x greater risk, Twin studies showed that 50% of twins have no signs when their twin has schizophrenia
Neurochemistry- Schizophrenia
Larger amount of dopamine
Neuroanatomy- Schizophrenia
Enlarged brain ventricles, cerebral atrophy, smaller brain, smaller thalamus and hippocampus
Neurobehavioral Markers- Schizophrenia
Impaired reaction time, attention deficit, short term memory deficit, problems with smooth eye pursuit
Environmental Factors- Schizophrenia
In utero Infection, Herpes simplex in 3rd trimester, Obstetric Complications- High Blood Pressure, Severe viral or bacterial infection in childhood
Psychosocial Factors- Schizophrenia
Freud- over protective mothers, Bowen- anxious parents
Family Factors- Schizophrenia
Lidz- when families have something horrible happen in their family and act like nothing is wrong, Brown- hostile families cause relapse 2x than normal
Cultural Factors- Schizophrenia
Happens in all cultures, Delusions differ by culture, US has most negative
SES Factors- Schizophrenia
Low SES more prevalent, Urban is more prevalent than rural
Trauma Factors- Schizophrenia
Read- 50% had history of physical or sexual abuse. Dose effect- the greater the trauma, the greater the side effects, strong relationship between trauma and schizophrenia
Biological Treatment- Schizophrenia
50% relapse rate, side effects are a big issue, Thorazine, Chlorpromazine, Phenothiazines, Clozapine, Psychotherapy not shone to be effective, can cause sexual dysfunction
Clozapine
Latest drug in schizophrenia treatment, shone to be the most effective
Tardive Dykenesia
Side effect of drugs, shuffling, fine motor problems
Thorazine
Dopamine blocker, 1st med of choice for schizophrenia
Chlorpromazine
60% showed improvements for schizophrenia
Phenothiazines
Limited range of success with schizophrenia
Family Therapy and Schizophrenia
Expressed emotion of when a person comes out of treatment, 9 months, educational therapy, decreases hospitalization
CBT and Schizophrenia
Teaches social skills, acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive skills
Schizoaffective Disorder
Symptoms of Schizophrenia and mood disorder, more common in females
Delusional Disorder
Can be functional with false beliefs, lasts about a month, Uncommon and under-diagnosed.
Shared Delusional Disorder
Two people sharing in a delusion that feed off of one another.
Melancholia
Depression with melancholic features
Manic Episodes
At least 1 a week, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, very little sleep, talkative, racing thoughts, distracted, agitated, reckless behavior
Hypomanic Episodes
Not enough to be considered manic, No psychotic symptoms, frequently followed by depression, 15% eventually turn manic.
Major Depressive Disorder
Most common adult diagnosis, likelihood of episodes increase as episodes happen, up to 15% die of suicide.
Disruptive Mood Regulation Disorder
Temper outbursts, onset before age 10, at least 3x a week, irritable between outbursts, 2.5% show signs of ADD
Endogenous Depression
Organic depression, something from inside the self.
Exogenous Depression
Depression from environmental factors
Attribution styles to depression
Internal/External locus of control (Rotter), Stable/Unstable, Global/Specific
Learned Helplessness
Seligman, created learned helplessness by testing rats with an electric floor, can be created by parents creating unrealistically high standards for children
Psychoanalytic View of Depression
Aggression turned inward
Bipolar I
Formerly called Manic Depression, equal in genders, most have a major depressive episode, 4 per year on average, some self-medicate
Bipolar II
Hypomanic, major depressive episode is necessary, more common in males, 40% spend more time in depressive state
Triple Column Technique
A CBT technique that uses the irrational self talk, rational self talk, and all or nothing talk to compare self-talk. Beck
Development of Substance Abuse
The faster acting the substance, the greater the risk of dependance, Nicotine was the leading cause of preventable deaths
Tolerance
The need for greater and greater doses to get desired effect.
Withdrawal
Stopped or reduced use of a substance that may cause significant symptoms
Substance Intoxication
Dosage varies with substance, usually requires dosage over the safe amount, if you expect you will receive a substance, you’ll use more, tolerance becomes an issue with needing more and more each use.
Nicotine Use
Nicotine is the number 1 cause for preventable deaths. Can cause things such as lung cancer, throat cancer, etc.
Jellineks Stages of Alcoholism
Pre-alcoholic, Early alcoholic, Middle alcoholic, Late alcoholic
Pre-alcoholic stage
Frequent drinking to reduce stress, social drinking, control over drinking behavior
Early Alcoholic Stage
Begins with first blackout, sneaking drinks, avoids reference to drinking, gulping drinks
Middle Alcoholic Stage
Impossible to stop after one drink, chain drinking, life revolves around alcohol
Late Alcoholic Stage
All day drinking, severe liver damage, ethical deterioration, physical dependance.
Impact of Continued Alcohol Use
Physical, emotional, relationship issues
Cannabis Use
Most widely used illegal drug, 5% use, can cause intoxication, delirium, psychotic and induced anxiety disorders.
Cocaine Use
Bring a euphoric effect, causes serious dependance and withdrawal, can cause sudden death, Can cause mood disorder, psychosis, and sexual dysfunction
PCP Use
Can cause psychosis, mood, anxiety, and delirium
Amphetamines
Can cause paranoia and hallucinations, withdrawal mirrors depressive episodes, long term brain injury and sexual dysfunction.
Agonist
A chemical that binds to a receptor and activates it to reduce a response.
Antagonist
Block the receptors of natural agonist drugs.
12 Step Programs
Run by disease model, involves peers becoming leaders and mentors, must be abstinent from substance.
