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Abnormal Psychology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

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1
Q

Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

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2
Q

HPA

A

Hormones that control how we react to stress. Contains the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Adrenal Glands.

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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Made of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Sympathetic-alarm, Parasympathetic-calm

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4
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

Where small effects of something cause a larger consequence. A produces more of B which produces more of A.

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5
Q

Holmes and Rahe Scale

A

Stressful life events give you points. More stressful events get more points.

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6
Q

Triadic design

A

Escapable shock, inescapable shock, and restrained control.

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7
Q

Type A personality

A

Anal retentive, perfectionistic, more prone to heart attacks

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8
Q

Type B personality

A

laid back, relax

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9
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

The study of psychological processes and how they affect physiological processes and the body.

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10
Q

Stress Reduction Techniques

A

Progressive Muscle relaxation, Systematic desensitization

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11
Q

Diathesis Stress Model

A

Stress can trigger a condition if they are genetically predisposed.

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12
Q

PTSD

A

Stressors so intense they could cause a maladaptive reaction. Comes from directly experiencing, witnessing or learning about traumatic events.

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13
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A

Intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks, distress, and avoidance of reminders

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14
Q

Cognitive alterations because of PTSD

A

Inability to recall all or part of trauma, negative beliefs, persistent negative state, lack of interest, estrangement, unable to be positive

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15
Q

Alteration in reactivity because of PTSD

A

Angry outbursts, reckless, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, sleep disturbances.

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16
Q

Course of PTSD

A

Acute stress disorder, specifying (with delayed reaction), varied course.

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17
Q

Treatment for PTSD

A

Crisis intervention, CBT, Medications, Pet Therapy

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18
Q

Fear vs. Anxiety

A

Fear- an adaptive state, Anxiety is apprehension of future danger.

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19
Q

Measurement of fear and anxiety

A

Subjective, behavioral, physiological

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20
Q

Panic Attacks

A

Not a diagnosable order, a symptom, rapidly developing fear or anxiety, very common

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21
Q

Symptoms of Panic Attacks

A

Heart accelerates, trembling, sweating, chest pain, choking, dizziness, numbness, chills or heat, nausea, derealization, fear of dying, losing control, shortness of breath.

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22
Q

Panic Disorder

A

recurrent, spontaneous, and unexpected panic attacks, anxiety about future attacks, not due to another medical condition, happens at least once a month, onset in adolescence or older.

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23
Q

Biological reasons for Panic Disorder

A

Runs in families, oversensitivity in the brain, lower levels of GABA, certain triggers

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24
Q

Cognitive reasons for Panic Disorder

A

Catastrophic misinterpretations of physical sensations

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25
Q

Behavioral reasons for Panic Disorder

A

Introreceptive cues- misinterpreting bodily cues, exteroreceptive cues- cues around us

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26
Q

Psychodynamic reasons for Panic Disorder

A

Repressed agressive impulses, Defense mechanisms reduce anxiety

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27
Q

Treatment for Panic Disorder

A

Medication- Lexiprose and Xanax, CBT

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28
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Widespread panic disorder, anxiety about panic attacks in places where escape would be difficult. Can become housebound, typically onsets in adulthood, associated with stressful event or phobias.

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29
Q

Specific Phobia

A

Intense, persistent fear triggered by specific objects of situation, Common, has to be at least 6 months, impacts life.

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30
Q

Categories of specific phobia

A

Animal, Natural Environment, Bodily Injury, Situational, Other

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31
Q

Factors for Phobias

A

Biological, Behavioral- Pavlov, Psychodynamic- agression

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32
Q

Treatment for phobias

A

Medications- mostly not effective, Systematic Desensitization, Participant modeling

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33
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

Anxiety of being connected with unfamiliar people, situations trigger distress and fear, 6 months affecting you, can run in families.

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34
Q

Treatment for social anxiety disorder

A

SSRI’s- anti-depressants, CBT, social skills training

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35
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Constant state of worry, most days for at least 6 months, autonomic arousal symptoms, doesn’t progress into panic attacks, but may be co-morbid.

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36
Q

Causes of generalized anxiety disorder

A

Biological- genetic link, insufficient GABA, Cognitive- Over perceive threatening situations, Psychodynamic- unconsious

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37
Q

Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

GABA stimulants, SSRI’s, CBT

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38
Q

OCD

A

Intrusive thoughts and behaviors that alleviate anxiety, Interferes with life, at least one hour a day, self-awareness varies, can be co-morbid with tic disorder

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39
Q

Categories of OCD

A

Contamination, Aggression, Sexual, Hoarding, Religious, Somatic, Cleaning, Checking, Rituals, Counting, Ordering

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40
Q

Causes of OCD

A

Moderate genetic link, extreme defense mechanism

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41
Q

DSM and OCD

A

Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both. More than 1hr a day, Not due to substance or medical disorder, not due to another medical condition

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42
Q

Treatment for OCD

A

SSRI’s, Exposure and response prevention, Cingulotomy

43
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

Can be co-morbid with eating disorders, Impairs normal functioning, obsess over body. Muscle dysmorphia.

44
Q

Causes of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

Can run in families- role modeled, childhood abuse and neglect, societal reinforcement, cultural

45
Q

Treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

SSRI’s, CBT

46
Q

Hoarding

A

Collects articles and unable to discard to the point of distress, was part of OCD in DSM IV, runs in families, worse with each decade of life.

47
Q

Treatment for Hoarding

A

Cognitive- for dysfunctional thoughts, exposure and response prevention, Organizational skills training

48
Q

Excoriation

A

Recurrently picks at skin on head or face, starts in adolescence, can be several hours a day, comorbid with depression, can run in families

49
Q

Treatment for Excoriation

A

Behavioral- relaxation

50
Q

Malingering

A

To fake illness to avoid something, not a mental disorder, but it may require clinical attention, can be criminals, can also be non-compliant to medical treatment.

51
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

Exaggerate Symptoms, symptoms are worse when being watched. Used to be Munchausen syndrome- DSM III

52
Q

Factitious Disorder Imposed on another

A

False symptoms produced on behalf of someone, mother and young child, munchausen by proxy- DSM III and IV

53
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

Multiple physical complaints, excessive worry and over-interpretation of symptoms, has to be over 6 months, low SES and ed are more prevalent.

54
Q

Treatment for Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, treatment difficult because they normally do not seek treatment.

55
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Deficits in motor and sensory function, rare, paralysis, selective loss of function, verbal functioning, convulsions, tic disorder

56
Q

Astasia-Abasia

A

Inability to walk because of psychological issues

57
Q

Analgesia

A

Inability to feel pain

58
Q

Anesthesia

A

Skin sensitivity

59
Q

Parestesia

A

Feel something that’s not there

60
Q

Causes of Conversion Disorder

A

Psychoanalytic- repressed feelings, behavioral- because of positive attention, faulty inhibition of mirror neurons

61
Q

Illness Anxiety

A

DSM 5 term, Hypochondriasis- DSM IV, pre-occupation that one has or will get a serious disease, excessive reactions, central to self-image, can be transient or chronic

62
Q

Treatment for Illness Anxiety

A

SSRI’s or Stress Management

63
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Altered states of consciousness, disruption of memory and identity, some can spontaneously recover, associated with trauma, amnesia, can still learn new information

64
Q

Localized Amnesia

A

Not remembering events about a certain period

65
Q

Selective Amnesia

A

Broader period of time

66
Q

Generalized Amnesia

A

Larger period of time

67
Q

Dissassociative Fugue Specifier

A

Memory impairment and flees from home, can be brief or months, Treatment- hypnosis, sodium amytal

68
Q

Sodium Amytal

A

Truth Syrum

69
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

DSM 5 term, Multiple personality disorder- DSM IV, Range from 2-100 personalities, associated with torture and trauma, no genetic link, all environmental

70
Q

Treatment for Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Integrate all personalities, talk therapy

71
Q

Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder

A

Separation from one’s self, co-morbid with other disorders, average onset is 16-rare after 25, no definitive cause.

72
Q

Personality Disorders

A

How the world is viewed and how people interact with others, enduring inflexible patterns that cause distress for them or others, deviates from cultural norms

73
Q

Symptoms of Personality Disorders

A

Impulse control, dysfunctional and consistent behavior, don’t seek treatment, low reliability of diagnosis, these can be co-morbid together

74
Q

Eyeseneck

A

Personality is biological, Neuroticism, Extroversion, and Psychoticism

75
Q

Neruoticism

A

Negative emotions vs. positive

76
Q

Extroversion

A

Outgoing or withdrawn

77
Q

Psychotosicm

A

Anger and agressiveness

78
Q

Cattell

A

Measured 16 factors of personality on a continuum.

79
Q

Big Five- Neo Pi

A

Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeablenes, neuroticism

80
Q

Cluster A Personality Disorders

A

Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal, odd or eccentric behaviors

81
Q

Cluster B Personality Disorders

A

Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissitic, Dramatic, emotional and erratic behaviors

82
Q

Cluster C Personality Disorders

A

Avoidant and Obsessive Compulsive

83
Q

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A

Distrustful and suspicious of others, takes offense easily, socially isolated, excessive view of self-importance, jealousy, onset in early adulthood, co-morbid with OCD

84
Q

Cause of Paranoid personality disorder

A

Unknown, may have history of schizophrenia, childhood trauma

85
Q

Treatment for Paranoid personality disorder

A

Relationship building, challenging beliefs and self-talk, anti-psychotic medications

86
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Detachment from social relationships, little emotional expression, Loners, no reaction to praise or criticism.

87
Q

Cause of Schizoid

A

Can run in families, but no strong genetic link

88
Q

Treatment for Schizoid

A

Do not normally seek treatment, social skills training

89
Q

Schizotypal

A

Unusual and superstitious behavior, high rate of depression, co-morbid with schizoid, can run in families

90
Q

Treatment of Schizotypal

A

Antipsychotic meds, antidepressants, little research done.

91
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorders

A

Must be 18 to be diagnose, Decietful, lying, manipulative, thrill seeking, failure to conform to laws, can be found in criminals, higher risk for suicide

92
Q

Causes of antisocial

A

Under arousal of physiological sources

93
Q

Treatments for antisocial

A

Dopamine, rarely seeks treatment

94
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

Unstable relationships, rapid shifts of perceptions of people, frantically avoids being alone, but pushes people away, stress can cause psychotic symptoms, impulsivity, inappropriate displays of anger

95
Q

Treatment of Borderline

A

SSRI’s, Lithium, Dialectical behavior therapy- education, Group and Individual therapy

96
Q

Histrionic Disorder

A

Co-morbid with Narcissistic, excessive emotionality and attention seeking, considered relationships more intimate, flirtatious, easily influenced by others, self-mutilation and suicide attempts

97
Q

Causes of Histrionic

A

No family influence, psychoanalytic repression

98
Q

Treatment for Histrionic

A

Little research on this

99
Q

Narcississtic Personality Disorder

A

Self-centered, admiration from others, exaggerated self-importance, entitled, lacks empathy

100
Q

Causes of Narcissistic

A

No research on family influence, Psychodynamic

101
Q

Treatment of Narcissistic

A

No established treatment theories

102
Q

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

Co-morbid with anxiety, control, orderly, overly perfectionistic, no trust in others, overlaps into moral judgment

103
Q

Sociopaths

A

Nervous, easily agitated, emotional outbursts, no regard for society’s laws, haphazard and spontaneous, result of environment

104
Q

Psychopaths

A

Unable to form emotional bonds or feel empathy, manipulation and mimicry, very meticulous, result of genetics

Abnormal Psychology (4 decks)

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