Exam II (Chapters 3, 7, and 8) Flashcards
dual processing
the principle that info is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
selective attention
focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
is selective attention dangerous?
yes; distracted driving and accidents
consciousness
awareness of self and environment
altered state of consciousness
daydreaming, sleeping, dreaming, hypnosis.meditation, drug-induced states, and near-death experiences
fantasies
more men have sexual fantasies in dreams
fantasy-prone personalities
4% of population has this; they spend more than half of their time fantasizing, some have vivid day dreams to the point that they confuse their day dreams with reality
circadian rhythm
internal biological clock of 24-hour cycle of day and night
t or
there is evidence that being a morning vs night person is genetically influenced
true
how do light and scn affect the circadian rhythm?
light and scn decrease the production of melatonin, making you less tired
four stages of sleep
NREM1, NREM2, NREM3, REM
NREM1
2 minutes, sensation of floating or falling, visual hallucinations
NREM2
20 minutes, can be easily awakened, sleep talking occurs, sleep spindles (bursts of brain wave activity) occur
NREM3
deep sleep, sleep walking occurs
REM
rapid eye movement, sleep walking can occur, most vivid and bizarre dreams occur
REM rebound
the tendency for REM to increase when you are sleep deprived- you skip the stages of sleep
purposes of sleep
- protective role in evolution
- helps restore/repair damaged neurons
- strengthens neural connections (during REM, NREM2)
- promotes creative problem solving
- secretes a growth hormone for muscles
sleep deprivation
cause fatigue and irritability, impairs concentration, productivity, and memory consolidation, can lead to depression, obesity, joint pain, suppressed immune system
sleep debt
our bodies keep a record of the sleep that we need to make up and will make it up if necessary (this is why you sleep so long if you sleep in)
insomnia
recurring problems falling or staying asleep, can be a red flag for anxiety disorders, depression, or mood disorders
narcolepsy
sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep (only in dire cases)
sleep apnea
stopping breathing while asleep, associated with obesity and snoring, especially in men
night terrors
high arousal and appearance of being terrified, occurs during deep sleep, much more common in kids, will wake up and start screaming, most people outgrow it, will have amnesia the day after the episode (surrounding the episode)
nightmares
occur during REM, person with episode will remember it