Exam II Flashcards by Julia Kanner

An agreed-upon body of works that has stood the test of time and provides the basis or foundation for something is a ___________

CANON

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Corbett’s definition of Inventio - ___________

The DISCOVERY of ARGUMENT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inventio has to do with everything related to where we go for______________. The fact that it includes _________ indicates that there are arguments “out there”

ideas “discovery”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOURCE???: Inventio is Transformation of our perceptions of the world into something available for discourse

LaRusso -

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOURCE???: the Trinity Of Creative Information:

Dorothy Sayers

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the Three parts of Dorothy Sayers “Trinity Of Creative Information?” 1. ____ - [You need to make this whole so you must go through the work of making it available for _______] 2. ______- [Then get ready to say it to someone] and 3. ____– [the rhetorical moment of expression]

Idea……discourse Energy Power

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are different levels of ______ and by claiming that we have more knowledge than we do we inhibit _____

“knowing” (or knowledge) learning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

To ADMIT TO NOT KNOWING something you NEED TO CARE MORE ABOUT the ___ THAN _______ _____

TRUTH your REPUTATION

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intellectual stereotyping is?

To know only a piece of information about someone or something which colors, implies or creates your complete picture of the subject

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The phrase “Familiarity breeds contempt” is usually used to identify how people are more careless treating the people they know best. In the rhetorical context, however, it suggests that ______________

if you only know a little about something, you may be more likely to have a contempt for something because of broader ignorance, particularly if all that you know is negative

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The “U” in WUKFA (the five levels of knowledge) is for “Understanding.” “Understanding” as a level of knowledge means ______

Being able to paraphrase in your own words leads to being able to teach or verbalize something

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOURCE???: “Nothing is more common than to think that because you are familiar with words, you understand the meaning that they stand for”

John Henry Newman:

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The “W” in WUKFA (the five levels of knowledge) is for “Wisdom.” “Wisdom” as a level of knowledge is ______

The moral application of Understanding

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

EPISTEMIC means __________ When Irving Scott and Carol Arnold said that “Rhetoric is EPISTEMIC” they meant that “Rhetoric is a way of ____ about something

coming to know coming to know a truth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOURCE???: said that “Rhetoric is a way of coming to the truth”

Irving Scott and Carol Arnold –

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The “older” belief accepted about Rhetoric was that that “You KNOW the truth and rhetoric is A WAY OF COMMUNICATING that truth to others” but Scott and Arnold proposed a new idea that “Rhetoric is about the ______of ideas (and truth), NOT just a way of ____ others.”

DISCOVERY persuading

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ways to move up the levels of KNOWLEDGE: 1. __________ (reference _________) 2. __________ (reference _________) 3. __________ (reference _________)

Fear of the Lord (1 John) 2. Learning Broadly (Lipton & Bernstein) 3. Habit (Langer, Jones)- applied

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOURCE???: “Fear of the Lord is the beginning of Wisdom” Looking in cotext, see that the wise person wants to be ______ because they recognize the larger implications of ____ ________

Proverbs 9:10 corrected not knowing.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOURCE???: My son, if you accept my words and store up my commands within you, turning your ear to wisdom and applying your heart to understanding– indeed, if you call out for insight and cry aloud for understanding, and if you look for it as for silver and search for it as for hidden treasure, then you will understand the fear of the LORD and find the knowledge of God. (The important parts of this are the ______, some of which are:_____________)

Proverbs 2:5 (2:1 - 5) Verbs TURNING [your ear] , APPLYING [your heart] , CALL OUT, CRY ALOUD, LOOK

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Part of the background requirement for Inventio is having ____ (that is the “________” part)

sufficient knowledge…..the “WUKFA” part

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

4 ways that fear (Fear of the Lord ) can help with increasing your level of knowledge toward wisdom: 1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 4._________

can motivate you when nothing else does 2. encourages humility about what we know 3. can put bad fear in it’s place 4. Fear builds receptivity and Teachability

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fear of the Lord can put bad fear in it’s place: o If we only worship Acceptance, we will fear ________ o If we only worship Popularity, we will fear ________ o If we only worship Success, we will fear ________ So if you worship and fear _______, the other fears will be _________

Rejection Loneliness Failure God more…………put in their place

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SOURCE???: “The Lost Princess: A Double Story” - Wise old woman tutors 2 different girls – one a spoiled princess. The woman takes the princess. The woman’s “severe” (or harsh, firm) character torwards the princess is effective over _______. The woman sees that the girl can ONLY be motivated by______

George MacDonald kindness.. …fear

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

_______ (like HUMILITY), is an intellectual virtue. A wise person is ______ and willing to accept ______

Receptivity receptive…..criticism

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Spencer said to "take a chance and\_\_\_\_ ______ \_\_\_\_\_ for feedback and criticism"

“place your work in the public square” before others

After you "place your work in the public square,” then _______ your idea and get ready for the NEXT ______ – this makes you \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

refine criticism better

SOURCE???: “Perfect love drives out fear” - i.e. Perfect Love is the ______ of wisdom and understanding…Fear of the Lord is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

1 John 4:18 END ......BEGINNING

perfect love drives out _______ Lewis says “Poetry replaces \_\_\_\_\_\_\_" Likewise, Gospel replaces \_\_\_\_\_\_!

fear grammar Law

AUTHOR????: part of the rhetorical perspective is to learn BROADLY. Do not sacrifice _____ for \_\_\_\_\_

Cicero breadth for depth

SOURCE???: “The art of discourse may be as broad as the whole of life civilized man” – Note the ________ in this statement

Norland: comprehensiveness

SOURCE???: What it means to be an educated person- “The man who: is able to express himself ______ manages the every day business of life well, shows good _______ in his decisions and can foresee their consequences is _____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_in his relations with others can control the urge to __________ is not defeated by misfortune nor corrupted by good luck esteems the favor of fortune no higher than the rewards of merit above all can give sound advice __ \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.”

Isocrates elegantly judgment just and tolerant pleasure to the state

SOURCE???: “Approach learning as you may approach a whiteboard” covered in paint. You begin to scratch off the paint in one area and reveal _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_. Then do in another area. Eventually you begin to see it as a window, poke your head through and realize that ____ \_\_\_\_\_ _ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Spencer some knowledge ALL KNOWLEDGE IS ONE

SOURCE???: Tests discipline us to study BUT low standards of achievement and losing the focus on and importance of educational fundamentals results in education having little substance

Lipton

SOURCE???: A particular kind of learning for a particular type of exam was argued against

Bernstein

habits that KEEP us from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

moving up the levels of learning

SOURCE???: book on Mindfulness (vs. mindlessness)  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is what we get from habits and inheritance  \_\_\_\_\_\_\_is what we want to practice

Langer Mindlessness Mindfulness

Langer: What drives us to mindless behavior?\_\_\_\_ __ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which is the inability to see something as anything other than what its "name" says that it is. For example, a "door" is a door...not a piece of wood.

Entrapment in Category

SOURCE???: “The Attractions of Stupidity” Romans portrayed as copying, not original; Greeks the learners – creative

Mumford Jones

Mumford Jones: “In general, the ______ win and the ________ lose – such are the attractions of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_”

stupid clever people stupidity

Problems with habits – 1. 2. 3. 

1. Often mindless 2. As compulsive behavior keep us from doing other things 3. Dulls us to learning

SOURCE???: What makes an educated person (resonates with \_\_\_\_\_\_) . Includes:  Respect a man’s personality  Compassionate  Respect another’s property  Pure in heart  Fear a lie  Learn – respect education

Ueland Isocrates

SOURCE???: “imagiation needs moodling” Moodling is _____________ The author discusses people rushing, ideas fleeting, etc. “[imagiation of what you are working on] must come from your true self, not your theoretical self….. from what you truly love & believe, not to make an impression.”

Ueland long, inefficient, happy idling, dawdling and puttering

Two ways to BREAK HABITS 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. In this discussion, the word "ILLUSION" is used to mean a feeling or emotion that you felt in that situation

1. Cultivating the ILLUSION OF THE FIRST TIME 2. Cultivating THE ILLUSION OF THE LAST TIME 

SOURCE???: began book “Orthodoxy” in this way “Often had a fancy of writing of an English yachtsman who makes a wrong turn and lands on England thinking he discovered a new island in south seas. So the JOY OF _________ - Making the familiar \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Chesterton DISCOVERY Unfamiliar

SOURCE???: When we mature we put away the childish desire to grow up ["When I became a man I put away childish things, including the fear of childishness and the desire to be very grown up.”]

Lewis [Of Other Worlds: Essays and Stories "On Writing for Children" C.S. Lewis]

SOURCE???: “use your eyes as if you would be stricken blind tomorrow and your ears in the same manner.” of all senses, “sight must be the most delightful.”

Helen Keller

SOURCE???: 2 primary ways that we choose to live our life before God: 1. “The Way of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_” [To say “Yes” and see God in everything] and 2. “The Way of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_" [To “Say No” to many things and focus on God like a monk - The monastic Tradition - as celebrated in the church]

Charles Williams Affirmation Rejection

SOURCE???: “This also is ‘thou’” BUT “Neither is this ‘thou.’” Use both constantly. Spencer sees this as a parallel to the illusions of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Charles Williams First & last time

SOURCE???: Novel “The second Coming” – story of a man (Barret) contemplating suicide by gun and observes a cat who he notes to be %100 cat, no more, no less as opposed to humans – he suddenly realizers - who are often only ________ and can often be more of someone or something else.

Walker Percy 2% self

Inventio: Phase 1 (of the Rhetorical Process): is?\_\_\_\_\_\_

the SEARCH FOR IDEAS

Rhetoric is a ________ prompted by a ________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

RESPONSE, rhetorical EXIGENCE

EXIGENCE is?

anything that invites a situational urgency (that is, something needs to be done to respond)

RHETORICAL EXIGENCE is?

A situational urgency that requires a RHETORICAL response.

A rhetorical exigence may be silence or an action; _______ is not required as a rhetorical exigence.

Discourse

SOURCE???: “A situation is rhetorical if:  - it invites discourse AND  - that discourse can make a _____ in the situation

Bitzer difference

PROPITIOUS MOMENT – This is the instant when the ___ \_\_\_\_ ___ are presented for a _____ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_. That is, the ideal amount of time had passed since the exigence....but not too much time!

most favorable circumstances response to the exigence

A rhetorical situation both matures and \_\_\_\_\_. That is, following an exigence, the conditions improve or ripen for the ideal response moment but if you wait longer, it is too late for the response to be effective.

declines

Every Canon has a larger context – The larger context of of inventio (the first canon) is “\_\_\_\_\_\_\_"

learning (that is, acquiring or improving knowledge - moving up the knowledge levels that is)

The root of the word “propitious” is also found in the word "Propitiation." Propitiation means “an act of appeasement.” Used in a Theological application, Propitiation implies that “God’s wrath is ___ \_\_\_ \_\_\_” (of our salvation) and that ____ \_\_\_ is the appeasement - which is the answer to God’s wrath.

in the way Jesus’ death

In contrast to the concept of Propitiation which says that God’s wrath is in the way, the concept of _________ says that the “Problem” is human guilt is in the way (of our salvation) and that Jesus got HUMAN GUILT out of the way

Expiation

propitiation is “\_\_\_\_\_\_\_”- oriented and expiation is “\_\_\_\_\_”-oriented

other self

Bitzer: A rhetorical situation invites a _______ response.

FITTING (appropriate for the situation)

When you receive an exigence, must determine the HEART OF THE MATTER – the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

STATUS

SOURCE???: The CHARACTERISTIC VIRTUE OF RHETORIC IS\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Ferrel DISCERNMENT

Spencer book: Uses ________ (Bible Verse) for discernment

Deuteronomy 30:19

SOURCE???: NOW CHOOSE \_\_\_\_, so that you and your children may \_\_\_\_\_. This supports Spencer's concept of _______ which says that after distinguishing between ______ and ______ you choose \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Deuteronomy 30:19 LIFE live Discernment life......death......life

Spencer categorizes things as: A. \_\_\_\_\_\_or B. _______ SO, MUST DISCERN BETWEEN THEM

Life Giving Death Nurturing

Spencer: Discernment = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

“The WISDOM to identify the difference between life and death – with the MOTIVTION to choose LIFE”

SOURCE???: Education = “Teaching the student to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_” or “teaching the student to like and dislike what you ought” (i.e. like the things that are good and right, despise the others)

Aristotle ("Aristotle ought to taught all") make wise choices

SOURCE???: “The wise in heart are called\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : and sweetness of speech encourages \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_”

Proverbs 16:21 (it was a discerning year after the pilgrims were persuaded to land in Plymouth) discerning persuasiveness

SOURCE???: We have much to say about this, but it is hard to make it clear to you because you no longer try to understand. In fact, though by this time you ought to be \_\_\_\_\_\_. Anyone who lives on \_\_\_\_, being still an infant, is not acquainted with the teaching about\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. But ____ \_\_\_\_ is for the mature, who by constant use have trained themselves to distinguish ____ \_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_. POINT: If you are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, you should eventually get to the point that you can begin to ____ \_\_\_\_\_ ____ \_\_\_ \_\_\_\_!

Hebrews 5:11-14 (This quote is in a chastising style - "Paul's" style in the epistles ...and Paul's native language was..... HEBREW(s)!) teachers milk righteousness solid food good from evil learning teach others what you have learned

Spencer: The art of _____ \_\_\_\_\_ is getting at the _____ of the matter SO, Discerning STATUS is all about the ____ \_\_\_\_ __ \_\_\_\_.

asking questions heart questions that we ask.

SOURCE???: “To get at the status you need to ask 3 questions: 1. An sit – “\_\_ \_\_?” i.e. a question of \_\_\_\_, 2. Quid sit – “\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_?” i.e. a question of ______ and 3. Quale sit – “\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_?” i.e. a question of \_\_\_\_\_\_

Quintilian is it ..... FACT What is it ..... DEFINITION What kind is it .... VALUE

Example: Jesus death is _____ sit Example: Jesus’ Resurrection is ____ sit

Quale An

After you determine what the status is, then determine a tentative _____ \_\_\_\_\_

thesis statement

The ancients said “Where do we want to go for ideas for the argument?” You Go to _____ which are \_\_\_\_\_\_

TOPOI (categories to search) ...........PLACES to go

“Where” do we go to get the ideas? You can pull them from ______ or do \_\_\_\_\_to get them

memory (your brain naturally puts things into categories) research

3 types of TOPOI: A. \_\_\_\_\_Topoi – (Reference Corbett) - 5 - 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ B. _____ Topoi – (4 general categories for knowledge) - Have been referred to as “The Four ____ \_\_\_ \_\_\_” 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ C. _____ Topoi - in which you create ___________ for the topoi

Common (DefComRelCirT) 1. Definition 2. Comparison 3. Relationship 4. Circumstance 5. Testimony Universal Books of Life 1. God 2. Nature 3. Self 4. Other Special................sub-categories

SOURCE???: In Forward of “Knowing God” says: “ As clowns have yearned to ___ \_\_\_\_, so I have yearned to ___ \_\_ ___ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_”

Packer play Hamlet write a treatise on God

Done through 10/6/14

10/6/14

SOURCE???: “Nothing humbles the ______ more than trying to contemplate and think of \_\_\_\_\_\_.”

Spurgen mind God

Packer p 32: 4 directions: 1. Listening to God’s _________ 2. Noting God’s ____________ 3. Accepting His ________ and DOING what _________ 4. Recognizing and _____ in the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Word and Receiving It Nature and Character Invitation.....He commands rejoicing.....love He has shown (J)

SOURCE???: (“No Man is an Island”) – “It is better to find God on the threshold of despair than to risk our lives in complacency and never know forgiveness.”

Merton

SOURCE???: Speaks of a “Healthy Poverty,” cultivating it to appreciate “finding a penny,” seeing a ripple on the water or watching muskrat kits....a “Pearl of Great Price” which may be found but not sought

Dillard

SOURCE???: (Poem) "The Tables Turned" o Line from poem “Let Nature be your teacher” o Learn what you can from the world around you

Wordsworth

SOURCE???: poem “Spring”: o Nothing is a beautiful as Spring o “What is all this juice?”

Hopkins

SOURCE???: "The age of Misinformation" o “Nature teaches us a sense of limits” (e.g. crop rotation) o Nature teaches us that we are unessential to it –

McKibben

SOURCE???: o the OWL (like Percy's cat story) does what it does and what it will o you can’t make nature perform

Scott Sanders (Sandy owl)

When using Nature as a topos, o Do NOT ____________ seen in nature and o use of nature must be based on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

personify actions observations

Lewis - "The four Loves": Nature cannot TEACH you things but leads you to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_things

APPRECIATE

Jesus said that the 1st commandment is “Love the Lord your God and the second like it – love your neighbor as yourself.” Although this references and assumes that we love ourselves, the bible teaches us to be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

self-sacrificing

SOURCE???'s book "Lost in the Cosmos: The last self-help book" Questions about how great and how bad we are and how can we be very positive about ourselves one moment then very negative the next. Spencer claims it is because these feelings are \_\_\_\_\_\_

Walker Percy's BOTH the SAME basic thing

Spencer creates a 6-point scale of self-feelings: 1. _________ 2. _________ 3. _________ actually used to draw attention to yourself 4. _________ actually also used to draw attention to yourself 5. _________ (“woe-is-me”) 6. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

1. Self-worshiping 2. Self-Adoring 3. Self-oriented meekness 4. Self-depricating 5. Self-pity 6. Self-loathing (J)

SOURCE???: “Don’t think of yourselves more highly than you ought..”

Paul in Romans

SOURCE???: _______ = “Gladly tempering expression of our fullness, but, with an understanding of our \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_”

Spencer Book - Modesty emptiness (J)

SOURCE???: about "self" – we are BOTH Angel & Beast - so we  must be able to see and recognize BOTH sides of ourself

Pascal

SOURCE???: We are BOTH Man (humanity – in the image of God) and A Man (sinner)

Chesterton

SOURCE???: “The sole cause of man’s unhappiness is that he does not know how to sit quietly in his own room”

Pascal

Rhetorical Benefits of knowing yourself o _________________ o _________________ o __________________  (To understand other people)

TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE! To be able to draw accurately from your past To learn of OTHER selves

SOURCE???: “The deeper I go into my self, the deep I can understand your self”

LaRusso

SOURCE???: “Levity of heart and neglect of our faults make us insensible to the proper sorrows of the soul, and we often engage in empty laughter when we should rightly weep.”

Thomas a Kempis

SOURCE???: “The real test of being in the presence of God is that you either forget to see yourself all together or see yourself as a small, dirty object”----It is better to forget about yourself all together

Lewis: Mere Christianity (Pride) Chapter

As part of the discussion of "OTHERS" as a topos, _________ concludes that all learning by experience is not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

LaRusso good learning

As part of the discussion of "OTHERS" it was discussed that ___________ and ________ is important - Rather than “learning by experience”

OBSERVATION and REFLECTION

There are different levels of ____________ which is the tendency of like to follow or be with like

ISOMORPHISM

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ MUST PURSUE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ISOMORPHISM

THE RHETOR

SOURCE???: "Make _______ your friends”…Reading is an example of learning with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This reflects a COMMITMENT TO OBSERVATION AND COMMITMENT TO STUDY.

Booth Authors others

“Never read, always study”

Ernest Dimnet

A rhetor pays attention and always wants to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

learn

When looking at the topos of other, GO \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_AND GO \_\_\_\_\_\_

WIDE .....DEEP

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a way of thinking about all of the sub-categories for the other topoi

Special topoi

Think of topoi as the “\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ OF THE INTELLECT”

SCAFFOLDING

SOURCE???: “For the student of rhetoric in antiquity as today, the value of the places of argument (topoi) is that in endeavoring to find answers to the questions posed, the student begins to see relationships amongst the data of his knowledge and experience - that is, he begins to think.”

Donald Clark

Special topoi include: • _________ • _________ • The 3 – _________ 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Canons History of rhetoric The 3 faces of rhetoric Deliberative Epidictic Forensic

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ defines "Discernment" as “The ________ to identify the difference between life and death – with the __________ to choose \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Spencer.....WISDOM MOTIVTION....LIFE

SOURCE???: said that fear guides to lead the right kind of life, the life that is according to God’s

Augustine

SOURCE???: we INTENTIONALLY AVOID OF REFUSE SOME CATERGORIES (the unimportant trivia type stuff – Spencer says like celebrity weddings) if we are TO MOVE UP in levels of KNOWLWDGE

Morrow

SOURCE???: in general, there are MANY questions in the book of Job (an example)

Book of Job

SOURCE???: “You do not have because you do not ask!”

James Fortu

SOURCE???: Our hearts are wrestles until they rest in you

Augustine

SOURCE???: Holy the Firm – Use of Nature as a topos

Dillard refer to paper 2 for references

SOURCE???: poem (“Love 3”) speaks about realizing the love that God gives though we are totally undeserving (used in the topos of nature under the parables/metaphors category)

Herbert

SOURCE???: Rhetoric and Civility – "Narcissism is the dependence on the attention and assurances of others – discussing “rhetorical mal-adaptation” so the _______ is NOT a good rhetor"

Barrett Narcissist

SOURCE???: speaks about trying to kill the animal self-love in people and make it a love for all – which was probably God’s intent

Lewis from Screwtape

SOURCE???: We exist to know God - He does not exist for us

Packer