Exam I: Questions and Answers Flashcards
German who created moveable type
Gutenberg (Remember This)
Italian, who wrote on how to gain and hold power. Wrote “The Prince”
Machiavelli (Know Him!)
Large body of water that seperates Africa from Europe and acted as a major trade route that brought goods and culture throughout southern Europe and helped expand wealth in Italy.
Mediterranean
Type of art procedure used in medieval Europe and the Renaissance where painting is done rapidly in watercolor on wet plaster on a wall of ceiling so that the colors penetrate the plaster and become fixed as it dries.
Fresco (could be a question on Ap Exam)
Italian banking family from Florence who gained wealth and power by giving loans. Also, great patrons of the arts.
Medici
Queen of Castile and King of Aragon who married to combine power. Also commissioned the Italian, Christopher Colombus, to sail and explore for the empire.
Isabella/Ferdinard (know them bc of their influence on Catholicism stuff)
Florence, Milan, Venice, Naples, and the Papal areas in Italy during the Renaissance were known as:
City-States
Female Italian author, educated in France, best remembered for defending women in “The Book of the City of Ladies”
Christine de Pizan (Known as the First Feminist)
A peace agreement between Milan, Naples, and Florence signed on 9 April 1454. It was created to keep peace within the Italian states and to create an alliance for protection and aid.
Treaty of Lodi
With the development of more sovereign states, the need to tax greatly increased. What were the two greatest influences that drove taxation?
Growth of Bureaucracies + the need for mercenary armies
The importation of African slaves to the Americas dramatically increased as a result of the growing need for labor to harvest.
sugarcane
Used much throughout Renaussance art where the focus of the painting draws the eye to one specific area. Notably seen in Raphael’s piece “The School of Athens”
Single point perspective
The Medici family was best known for:
being the most famous Florentine banking family, and patrons of the arts and architecture.
Where is Erasmus from?
He was Dutch, from the Netherlands
Where are the Medici’s from?
Florence, Italy
Where was Machiavelli from?
Florence, Italy
Where was Petrarch from?
Florence, Italy
A Roman Catholic who opposed Henry VIII’s Anglican church and was beheaded for doing so
Thomas More (good piece of outside evidence for Reform essays, despite him not being a main person to know)
Dutch philosopher who was considered the greatest scholar of the Northern Renaissance, but was still a member of the Roman Catholic Church.
Desiderius Erasmus
First European group to sail around the Africa’s Cape of Good Hope and reach India, where the spice trade became very valuable to Europe.
Portuguese
What is the name of the style of Late Renaissance art showed distorted figures and confusing themes that reflected the sign of the times and a sense of the political and religious problems of the time.
Mannerism
Form of Renaissance art that used light and dark to create 3D images. Specifically seen in Da Vanci’s “Mona Lisa.”
Chiaroscuro
Dutch Philosopher and Catholic priest who believed in the value of education and that if you learned to read, you could learn for yourself and make decisions for yourself.
Erasmus
Italian Scholar and Poet who was considered the “Father of Humanism” who rediscovered Cicero’s letters
Petrarch
Italian who wrote “The Book of the Courtier” which was a courtesy book and a book about manners. Book health with manners and etiquette.
Castiglione
Italian who proved that the Donation of Constantine was a forged document. This person was a language expert and figured that the term “fief” was a word that was coined after the date of the forged document
Valla
Italian scholar who was considered the first historian who looked at history in periods
Bruni
Italian who wrote “The Oratio on the Digitiny of Man” that centered the attention of human capacity and human perspective and argued that man was created by God.
Erasmus
Lived through the Black Plague and penned “Decameron”, a novella of 100 tales about 7 women and 3 men who were sheltered in a villa outside of Florence to escape the Bubonic Plague.
Boccaccio
A friend of Eramus, and an Englishman who wrote “Utopia”, a writing that was critical of many aspects of society and wanted to depict a world where economic and political inequities and justices were limited.
Thomas More
15th century intellectual movement embraced my scholars, writers, and civic leaders with the ideal that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives
Humanism
Fall of the eastern European city in 1453 to the Ottomans led many scholars to leave for Italy, influencing the growth of the early Renaissance.
Constantinople
Explain one positive impact Spanish exploration had on Europe
-Resources: gold and silver were brought back, along with various items traded with the Native people.
-The Columbian Exchange: many types of foods were brought back to Europe for consumption.
This impacted Europe’s economy, trade, and diets
Explain one negative impact Spanish exploration had on the New World
Disease (namely Smallpox): Native people didnt have the exposure to it that Europeans had, so the disease killing numerous amounts of Natives, changing the way the New World was run.
Explain one similarity between the Italian and Northern Renaissances.
It changed people’s ways of thinking! Humanism became more prevalent. More people thought about religion for themselves instead of blindly following the church. More people became educated. This change in thought has an impact on society.
Explain one difference between the Italian and Northern Renaissances.
Wealth: Italian Ren was wealthy, lots of material being sponsored by the Medici fam/Catholic Church. Artwork of the time depicts it well, w/ vibrant colors and a primary religious focus. The Northern Ren was inspired but cheaper than the Italian Ren, conveyed in the art having duller colors and conveyed the reality of how life was and not the idealized version of the Italian Ren.
