Exam 2: Questions and Answers Flashcards

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1
Q

Pre-reformation English Lollard leader who believed that people should read the bible to interpret it for themselves

A

John Wycliffe

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2
Q

Wrote “95 Thesis” and pinned them to the door in Wittenburg

A

Martin Luther

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3
Q

Leader of the English Reformation who wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine

A

Henry VIII

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4
Q

Religious reformer who believed in predestination

A

John Calvin

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5
Q

The Roman Catholic Grand Inquisitor whose job was to combat Heresy

A

Johanne Tetzel

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6
Q

German banking family that loaned money to kings

A

Fuggars

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7
Q

Pope Leo X, a Medici, issued this that basically excommunicated Martin Luther.

A

Edict of Worms

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8
Q

What did the Peace of Augsburg do?

A

It allowed local princes in the Holy Roman Empire to determine their religion

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9
Q

Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, was has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation and was a series of meetings held over a course of years from 1545-1363 to counter act the Protestant Reformation?

A

the Council of Trent

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10
Q

Was was issued by Henry of Navarre (Henry IV0 that officially ended the French Wars of Religion and allowed for Protestantism in France

A

Edict of Nantes

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11
Q

Official religion of France + Spain

A

Catholicism

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12
Q

Jesuit Priest who helped restore order within the Roman Catholic Church and helped lead missions

A

Ignatius of Loyola

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13
Q

1572 Paris Rioting where Catholic mobs directed violence against the Huguenots.

A

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

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14
Q

Due to the Protestant Reformation, could women become priests, bishops, cardinals, and the Pope within the Catholic Church?

A

No

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15
Q

What was the series of Acts created by English Parliament to shut off common lands and open fields creating legal property rights to lands that were once open to the common public.

A

Enclosure/ Inclosure Act

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16
Q

What military technology was already being used at the start of the 30 Years War?

A

Use of the Long Bow

17
Q

Under Philip II of Spain, Spain has interest in the Netherlands to make Catholicism the religion and what else?

A

to have a closer port access to more easily invade England

18
Q

Mary I, Queen of England from 1553-1558, was the daughter of Henry VII and Catherine of Aragon. What else was she?

A

Catholic, known for her aggressive attempt to reverse the English empire

19
Q

What was one thing the Calvin and other religious leaders did NOT criticize as an abuse of the Catholic Church?

A

Papal wealth

20
Q

State in which the Reformation was started and influenced by the printing press:

A

Germany

21
Q

The center of European Calvinism in the 16th century became:

A

Geneva, Switzerland

22
Q

What effect did the 30 Years War have on the German-speaking population between 1618-1650?

A

About a third of the population perished

23
Q

Years in which the 30 Years War took place?

A

1618-1648

24
Q

In the first half of the 17th century, King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden played a key role in European affairs by:

A

leading a Protestant coalition against Catholic Europe

25
Q

What was Elizabeth I’s contribution to the religion controversy in England during her rule?

A

She re-established the Church of England’s independence from Rome.

26
Q

Why did France support the Protestant rebels fighting against the Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire?

A

It wanted to weaken and fragment the Holy Roman Empire

27
Q

Spanish King, married to Queen Mary I (Tudor), who takes over to Charles V and supports the Catholic League which advocates for a Catholic France

A

Philip II

28
Q

Created during the Counter-Reformation by the Catholic Church, an influential order of women, who had convents in Italy + France, brought education to women.

A

Ursulines

29
Q

Document/agreement that offically ended the 30 Years War.

A

Treaty of Westphalia

30
Q

What are some of the TWO figures of which the Council of Trent was reacting:

A

The Council of Trent could have been referring to Protestant religious groups such as the Lutherans and the Anabapists. Both of those groups have gone against the teachings of the Catholic Church, with the Lutherans taking from Martin Luther’s theses and the Anabaptists performing adult baptisms. The Council of Trent views these as disgraceful acts as they want to preserve Catholicism in Europe.

31
Q

Explain ONE response of the Catholic Church to the challenge of the Reformation:

A

They issued the Edict of Worms, where they decided that Martin Luther, the creator of Lutherism + the 95 Theses, was an outlaw and that anyone who helped him would be punished.