exam i: ch2 - theories and therapies

Question 1

provides structure for developmental processes, explanations of the human mind/behavior

Answer 1

theories

Question 2

what is evolved from theories and models?

Answer 2

therapies

Question 3

3 parts of freud’s psychoanalytic theory

Answer 3

id, ego, superego

Question 4

pleasure principle, reflex action, primary process

Answer 4

id

Question 5

problem solver, reality tester

Answer 5

ego

Question 6

moral component of conscious

Answer 6

superego

Question 7

what are the 3 levels of awareness

Answer 7

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

Question 8

purpose is to reduce/eliminate anxiety that operates on an unconscious level
- can be survival tactic

Answer 8

defense mechanism

Question 9

using excuses to explain away threatening circumstances

Answer 9

rationalization

Question 10

transferring thoughts and feelings toward one person/object onto another person/object

Answer 10

displacement

Question 11

returning to a previous level of development

Answer 11

regression

Question 12

taking on the qualities or attitudes of others without thought or examination

Answer 12

introjection

Question 13

behaving in a manner or expressing a feeling opposite of one’s true feelings

Answer 13

reaction formation

Question 14

keeping unacceptable thoughts or traumatic events buried in the unconscious

Answer 14

repression

Question 15

transforming unacceptable thoughts or needs into acceptable actions

Answer 15

sublimation

Question 16

when pt transfers unconsciously onto HCP (+/-) feelings that might come from another place

Answer 16

transference

Question 17

when HCP transfers feelings onto pt that might come from another place

Answer 17

countertransference

Question 18

erikson’s stage at 0-1.5 years

Answer 18

trust vs mistrust

Question 19

erikson’s stage at 1.5-3 years

Answer 19

autonomy vs shame and doubt

Question 20

erikson’s stage at 3-6 years

Answer 20

initiative vs guilt

Question 21

erikson’s stage at 6-12

Answer 21

industry vs inferiority

Question 22

erikson’s stage at 12-20 years

Answer 22

identity vs role confusion

Question 23

erikson’s stage at 20-35 years

Answer 23

intimacy vs isolation

Question 24

erikson’s stage at 35-65 years

Answer 24

generativity vs stagnation

Question 25

erikson’s stage at >65 years

Answer 25

integrity vs despair

Question 26

whose theory decided that the purpose of all behavior is to get needs met through interpersonal interactions and to decrease/avoid anxiety?

Answer 26

sullivan’s interpersonal theory

Question 27

what is the goal of interpersonal therapy?

Answer 27

short term, reduce/eliminate psychiatric symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning and satisfaction with social relationships

Question 28

who was the nurse who developed the first systematic framework for psychiatric mental health nursing
- nurse self-awareness and recognizing own bias

Answer 28

hildegard peplau

Question 29

phase of nurse-pt relationship
- introduction
- eye contact
- set goals
- establish trust

Answer 29

orientation phase

Question 30

phase of nurse-pt relationship
- take about issues/plans
- ID problems and solutions

Answer 30

working phase

Question 31

phase of nurse-pt relationship
- difficult for pt
- problems resolved and relationship ends

Answer 31

termination phase

Question 32

• participant observer
• mutuality
• respect for the patient
• unconditional acceptance
• empathy

Answer 32

elements of a therapeutic relationship (according to hildegard peplau)

Question 33

experiment where dogs salivated at the sound of a bell

Answer 33

pavlov’s classical conditioning

Question 34

experiment where little albert became scared of any white fur, classical conditioning

Answer 34

watson’s behaviorism

Question 35

experiment where rats learned to press lever for food

Answer 35

skinner’s operant conditioning

Question 36

learning that happens through rewards and punishment for voluntary behavior

Answer 36

operant conditioning

Question 37

behavior therapy; new patterns of behavior are learned from a role model

Answer 37

modeling

Question 38

behavior therapy; when a specified goal is achieved, the person receives positive reinforcement

Answer 38

operant conditioning

Question 39

behavior therapy; an individual is frequently exposed to situations that cause them fear in order to reduce anxiety

Answer 39

systematic desensitization

Question 40

behavior therapy; noxious stimulus is associated with undesirable behavior

Answer 40

aversion therapy

Question 41

behavior therapy; instrumentation used to provide immediate feedback regarding muscle activity, brain waves, VS, other bodily functions –> individual can voluntarily control phenomena otherwise thought to be involuntary

Answer 41

biofeedback

Question 42

cognitive theory; strategy to eradicate irrational beliefs and recognize thoughts that are not accurate

Answer 42

ellis’ rational emotive behavior therapy

Question 43

cognitive theory; thoughts come before feelings + actions.
- challenge beliefs to prevent neg thoughts = reflect into positive

Answer 43

beck’s cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Question 44

theory that humans strive for self actualization, but basic needs have to be met first
- emphasizes human potential, pt strengths, nursing actions within the relationship

Answer 44

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Question 45

food, water, oxygen, elimination, rest, intercourse

Answer 45

physiological needs

Question 46

a healing environment and space, a common area using the total environment

Answer 46

millieu therapy

Question 47

what are the parts of a mini mental state exam (8)

Answer 47

• appearance
• behavior
• speech
• mood/affect
• thought processes
• perceptual disturbances
• cognition
• thoughts of harming self/others

Question 48

explain the ranges of the mini mental state exam
0-17
18-23
24-30

Answer 48

0-17 = marked cognitive impairment
18-23 = moderate cognitive impairment
24-30 = normal range