Exam I Flashcards
The general functions of epithelium.
Absorption, secretion, and to provide a barrier
Sensory functions of epithelium would most likely be found where?
Taste buds, retina in the eye
Basic characteristics of shared among epithelial types.
Cells are adjacent to one another, associated with complete/partial basement membranes, avascular, associated with vascular connective tissue, held together by cell junctions
Which part of the basement membrane is produced by epithelium?
Basal lamina
Which part of the basement membrane is produced by fibroblasts in connective tissue?
Reticular lamina
Basal lamina is produced by:
Epithelium
Reticular lamina is produced by:
Fibroblasts in connective tissue
A partial basement membrane is composed of:
Basal lamina only
Functions of a basement membrane.
Provides a surface for epithelial cell attachment, molecular filter, limits stretch, directs migration of cells
How do epithelial cells obtain nutrition?
Diffusion
Functions of connective tissue.
Provide nutrition and a source of defensive cells
Which cell junction is called a tight junction?
Zonula occludens
These junctions involve the sharing of intrinsic membrane proteins between adjacent cells.
Zonula occludens (tight junctions)
Two functions of tight junctions.
Provide strong attachments and prevent passage of materials between cells
Which cell junction is called an adhesion belt?
Zonula adherens
Cadherins and marginal bands are found in which cell junction?
Zonula adherens (adhesion belt)
Functions of zonula adherens.
Provide strong attachments and cell structural stability
Which cell junction is called a desmosome?
Macula adherens
In which cell junction will you find proteins arranged in a cylinder?
Gap junctions
Functions of gap junctions.
Provide strong attachment and transport materials between cells
Which cell junction allows transport of materials between cells?
Gap junctions
Which junction helps to connect epithelial cells to the basal lamina?
Hemidesmosomes
Which junction uses integrin to bind to structural CT glycoproteins and also connects to the cytoskeleton?
Focal point contacts
Which clinical consideration of cell junctions is not an autoimmune disease, but instead caused by bacterial infection?
Cholera
Which clinical consideration of cell junctions causes large, blistering lesions that burst, but do heal?
Bullous pemphigoid
Which clinical consideration of cell junctions causes skin blistering that doesn’t heal easily, with excessive bleeding and can be fatal?
Pemphigus vulgaris
This disease is caused by antibodies that bind to some parts of desmosomes.
Pemphigus vulgaris
This disease is caused by toxins that disrupt proteins in the zonula occludens.
Cholera
This disease is caused by antibodies that bind to some proteins in hemidesmosomes.
Bullous pemphigoid
Epithelium that is a single layer thick is termed:
Simple epithelium
Epithelium found in the lung, parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and serosa on the outside of organs is most likely what type?
Simple squamous
Functions of simple squamous epithelium.
Living filter, provide a barrier
Epithelium found in the exocrine ducts, thyroid cells, and kidney tubules is most likely what type?
Simple cuboidal
Functions of simple cuboidal epithelium.
Absorption, secretion, provide a barrier
Epithelium found in the stomach, small intestines, gall bladder and larger exocrine ducts is most likely what type?
Simple columnar
Functions of simple columnar epithelium.
Absorption, secretion, provide a barrier
Epithelium found in the trachea, respiratory region of nasal cavity and bronchi is most likely what type?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
The 3 cell types associated with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Goblet cells, ciliated columnar cells, and basal cells
Function of goblet cells.
Produce mucus
Function of ciliated columnar cells.
Move mucus over the surface
Function of basal cells.
To be the stem cell for CPSC epithelium
Finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells are called:
Microvilli
Microvilli are also called:
A brushborder or a striated border
Function of microvilli.
To increase surface area to increase absorption
Location of microvilli.
Kidney tubule cells and small intestines
Extremely long microvilli that aren’t related to true cilia are called:
Stereocilia
Location of stereocilia.
Epididymis and cochlear hair cells
Thin, apical hair-like extensions of the cytoskeleton are termed:
Cilia
What are two points about cells with cilia?
Cells have many mitochondria and basal bodies block the free surface so there is no absorption or secretion.
Location of cilia.
Trachea and fallopian tube (oviduct)
The surface layer of glycoproteins and carbs that covers some epithelium is termed:
Glycocalyx
The glycocalyx is produced by:
Epithelium
Functions of the glycocalyx.
Protection and cell recognition
Location of glycocalyx.
Stomach and small intestines
Epithelium that is two or more cell layers thick is called:
Stratified epithelium
Function of stratified squamous epithelium.
Protection from abrasion/friction
Location of stratified squamous epithelium.
Esophagus, oral cavity, tongue and vagina
Problems/limitations of stratified squamous epithelium.
No protection from drying and limited thickness
Location of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Skin
Function of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Protection in a dry environment
Which epithelial layer in the skin is the uppermost 2-5 layers that exocytose lipid-filled lamellar granules?
Stratum granulosum
Which epithelial layer in the skin contains mitotic keratinocytes and is closest to the dermis?
Stratum basale
Which epithelial layer in the skin is present only in thick skin and is very difficult to see?
Stratum lucidum
Which epithelial layer in the skin produces lipids and keratohyaline vacuoles?
Stratum spinosum
Functions of the stratum corneum.
Prevents water loss, provides a barrier to microbes and protects against abrasion
Which cells protect against UV radiation?
Melanocytes
Melanocytes are found in which skin epithelial layer?
Stratum basale
Darker pigments in the skin are due to the presence of:
Eumelanin
Reddish pigments in the skin are due to the presence of:
Pheomelanin
Which cells recognize and process external foreign antigens (aka APCs)?
Langerhans cells
Langerhans cells are found in which skin epithelial layer?
Stratum spinosum
Merkel cells are found in which epithelial layer of the skin?
Stratum basale
When exposed to UV light, melanocytes increase/decrease, while Langerhans cells increase/decrease.
Increase; decrease
Which type of epithelium would most likely be found in the larger ducts of sweat glands and salivary glands?
Stratified cuboidal
Which type of epithelium would most likely be found in the larger ducts in the pancreas, parts of the male urethra, and conjunctiva of the eye?
Stratified columnar
Location of transitional (urinary) epithelium?
Most of the urinary tract
Transitional epithelium has several specializations including:
Thin, fenestrated basement membrane, large superficial cells and a well-developed zonula occludens
Why is having a well-developed zonula occludens important?
Due to fenestrated basement membrane and prevents waste/urine from seeping between cells