Chapter 6 Exam II Flashcards
Nerves enter and ureters exit which part of the kidney?
Hilum
Which part of the kidney collects urine?
Major calyces
Which part of the kidney contains renal papillae?
Minor calyces
What is the name of the area surrounding the renal pelvis and major/minor calyces?
Renal sinus
What are the two general regions of parenchyma within the kidney?
Cortex and medulla
Medullary rays contain primarily portions of:
The Loop of Henle and collecting tubules
Which region of the kidney contains renal columns?
Medulla
Which part of the nephron is always located in the cortex?
Renal corpuscle
The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains which epithelial type?
Simple squamous
Podocytes are located in which part of the nephron? What do they contain?
Bowman’s capsule (glomerular); pedicels
Secondary podocyte cell processes that cover the glomerular capillaries and create filtration slits are called:
Pedicels
The fenestrated capillary network inside the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is called the:
Glomerulus
Which luminal wall layer creates an increased capillary pressure in the glomerulus?
Tunica media
Special cells found within the renal corpuscles that resemble pericytes are called:
Mesangial cells
Mesangial cells are most often present in areas that lack:
Podocytes
Which epithelial type is present in proximal convoluted tubules?
Simple cuboidal (w/ long microvilli)
What are PCTs found?
Cortex
The thin limbs of the loop of Henle contain ______ epithelium and are located in the _____.
Simple squamous; medulla
The thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle contain _____ epithelium and are located in the _____.
Simple cuboidal; Medulla and medullary rays
Which branch of the loop of Henle passively reabsorbs Na+ and Cl-?
Thin limbs
Which branch of the loop of Henle actively reabsorbs electrolytes?
Thick ascending limbs
Distal convoluted tubules contain _____ epithelium and are located in the _____.
Simple cuboidal; cortex (both same as PCT)
The special part of DCT at the vascular pole containing columnar cells is called:
Macula densa
The macula densa is part of what apparatus?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Which tubule has a shorter length than the rest?
Connecting tubule
Connecting tubules contain what type of epithelium?
Simple squamous to simple cuboidal range
True/False: Collecting ducts are not a part of a nephron.
True
Which type of epithelium is exhibited in collecting ducts?
Simple cuboidal to simple columnar (columnar in larger ducts)
What are the two types of collecting ducts?
Principle cells and Intercalated discs
Principle cells are called _____ cells, while intercalated discs are called _____ cells.
Light; Dark
Where are principle cells located?
Medulla and medullary rays (same as TAL of Loop of Henle)
Where are intercalated discs located?
Medullary rays only
Collecting ducts lead to a ______, which leads to a renal papillae and finally to a minor calyx.
Papillary duct
Ureters are about how long?
24-34 cm long
The surface epithelium of the mucosa in the luminal wall of a ureter is termed:
Urothelium (transitional)
What are the 3 basic layers of the mucosa in the luminal wall of a ureter?
1 layer of basal cells, 1 to several layers of intermediate cells and 1 layer of large superficial cells
The large superficial cells of ureter mucosa are called _____ cells.
Umbrella
Umbrella cells possess:
A free-edge plasma membrane with plaque
Plaque and umbrella cells are most developed in which area?
Urinary bladder
Which luminal wall layer of a ureter blends with lamina propria and contains fibrous CT?
Submucosa
The muscularis externa of the ureter contains an inner _____ layer and an outer _____ layer.
Inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer
The distal end of the muscularis externa of the ureter contains 3 muscle layers. They are:
Inner longitudinal layer, middle circular layer and outer longitudinal layer
What action helps move urine?
Peristalsis
Adventitia of the ureter contains:
Adipose, BVs and nerves
As the bladder fills, the entrance to the ureters becomes:
Closed
What is the importance of the prevention of backflow by the urinary bladder?
Stop the spread of infection/bacteria to the kidneys
What stores urine?
Urinary bladder
The mucosa of the urinary bladder consists of what type of epithelium?
Urothelium (transitional) –> same as mucosa of ureters
Lamina propria contains what type of CT?
Dense irregular
Placque will fold at which regions when the bladder collapses?
Thinner regions
In the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder, which muscle is formed by 3 indistinct smooth muscle layers?
Detrusor muscle
The circle of muscle close to the urethral opening is called:
Internal urethral sphincter
Which nerves supply the blood vessels in the urinary bladder?
Sympathetics
Which nerves supply the muscularis externa and adventitia?
Parasympathetics (S2-S4 w/ splanchnic nerves)
Sensory nerves supply:
Urinary bladder to sacral spinal cord
What is the epithelial type of the prostatic urethra?
Urothelium (transitional)
Which part of the urethra passes through the external urethral sphincter?
Membranous urethra
Which type of muscle makes up the membranous urethra?
Striated muscle
The surface epithelium of the membranous urethra is:
Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar
Which section of the urethra is surrounded by erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)?
Spongy (penile) urethra
What is the surface epithelium type of the spongy urethra?
Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar (same as membranous) –> stratified squamous distally
Which section of the urethra contains urothelium?
Prostatic urethra
Which section of the urethra is longest in males?
Spongy (15 cm)
What female glands are located within the urethral wall?
Proximal urethral glands and paraurethral glands
Which female gland is small and numerous and leads to the lumen?
Proximal urethral glands
Which female gland secretes alkaline fluid?
Paraurethral glands
