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Organ Histology > Chapter 6 Exam II > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

Nerves enter and ureters exit which part of the kidney?

A

Hilum

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2
Q

Which part of the kidney collects urine?

A

Major calyces

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3
Q

Which part of the kidney contains renal papillae?

A

Minor calyces

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4
Q

What is the name of the area surrounding the renal pelvis and major/minor calyces?

A

Renal sinus

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5
Q

What are the two general regions of parenchyma within the kidney?

A

Cortex and medulla

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6
Q

Medullary rays contain primarily portions of:

A

The Loop of Henle and collecting tubules

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7
Q

Which region of the kidney contains renal columns?

A

Medulla

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8
Q

Which part of the nephron is always located in the cortex?

A

Renal corpuscle

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9
Q

The parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule contains which epithelial type?

A

Simple squamous

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10
Q

Podocytes are located in which part of the nephron? What do they contain?

A

Bowman’s capsule (glomerular); pedicels

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11
Q

Secondary podocyte cell processes that cover the glomerular capillaries and create filtration slits are called:

A

Pedicels

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12
Q

The fenestrated capillary network inside the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule is called the:

A

Glomerulus

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13
Q

Which luminal wall layer creates an increased capillary pressure in the glomerulus?

A

Tunica media

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14
Q

Special cells found within the renal corpuscles that resemble pericytes are called:

A

Mesangial cells

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15
Q

Mesangial cells are most often present in areas that lack:

A

Podocytes

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16
Q

Which epithelial type is present in proximal convoluted tubules?

A

Simple cuboidal (w/ long microvilli)

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17
Q

What are PCTs found?

A

Cortex

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18
Q

The thin limbs of the loop of Henle contain ______ epithelium and are located in the _____.

A

Simple squamous; medulla

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19
Q

The thick ascending limbs of the loop of Henle contain _____ epithelium and are located in the _____.

A

Simple cuboidal; Medulla and medullary rays

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20
Q

Which branch of the loop of Henle passively reabsorbs Na+ and Cl-?

A

Thin limbs

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21
Q

Which branch of the loop of Henle actively reabsorbs electrolytes?

A

Thick ascending limbs

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22
Q

Distal convoluted tubules contain _____ epithelium and are located in the _____.

A

Simple cuboidal; cortex (both same as PCT)

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23
Q

The special part of DCT at the vascular pole containing columnar cells is called:

A

Macula densa

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24
Q

The macula densa is part of what apparatus?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

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25
Q

Which tubule has a shorter length than the rest?

A

Connecting tubule

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26
Q

Connecting tubules contain what type of epithelium?

A

Simple squamous to simple cuboidal range

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27
Q

True/False: Collecting ducts are not a part of a nephron.

A

True

28
Q

Which type of epithelium is exhibited in collecting ducts?

A

Simple cuboidal to simple columnar (columnar in larger ducts)

29
Q

What are the two types of collecting ducts?

A

Principle cells and Intercalated discs

30
Q

Principle cells are called _____ cells, while intercalated discs are called _____ cells.

A

Light; Dark

31
Q

Where are principle cells located?

A

Medulla and medullary rays (same as TAL of Loop of Henle)

32
Q

Where are intercalated discs located?

A

Medullary rays only

33
Q

Collecting ducts lead to a ______, which leads to a renal papillae and finally to a minor calyx.

A

Papillary duct

34
Q

Ureters are about how long?

A

24-34 cm long

35
Q

The surface epithelium of the mucosa in the luminal wall of a ureter is termed:

A

Urothelium (transitional)

36
Q

What are the 3 basic layers of the mucosa in the luminal wall of a ureter?

A

1 layer of basal cells, 1 to several layers of intermediate cells and 1 layer of large superficial cells

37
Q

The large superficial cells of ureter mucosa are called _____ cells.

A

Umbrella

38
Q

Umbrella cells possess:

A

A free-edge plasma membrane with plaque

39
Q

Plaque and umbrella cells are most developed in which area?

A

Urinary bladder

40
Q

Which luminal wall layer of a ureter blends with lamina propria and contains fibrous CT?

A

Submucosa

41
Q

The muscularis externa of the ureter contains an inner _____ layer and an outer _____ layer.

A

Inner longitudinal layer and outer circular layer

42
Q

The distal end of the muscularis externa of the ureter contains 3 muscle layers. They are:

A

Inner longitudinal layer, middle circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

43
Q

What action helps move urine?

A

Peristalsis

44
Q

Adventitia of the ureter contains:

A

Adipose, BVs and nerves

45
Q

As the bladder fills, the entrance to the ureters becomes:

A

Closed

46
Q

What is the importance of the prevention of backflow by the urinary bladder?

A

Stop the spread of infection/bacteria to the kidneys

47
Q

What stores urine?

A

Urinary bladder

48
Q

The mucosa of the urinary bladder consists of what type of epithelium?

A

Urothelium (transitional) –> same as mucosa of ureters

49
Q

Lamina propria contains what type of CT?

A

Dense irregular

50
Q

Placque will fold at which regions when the bladder collapses?

A

Thinner regions

51
Q

In the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder, which muscle is formed by 3 indistinct smooth muscle layers?

A

Detrusor muscle

52
Q

The circle of muscle close to the urethral opening is called:

A

Internal urethral sphincter

53
Q

Which nerves supply the blood vessels in the urinary bladder?

A

Sympathetics

54
Q

Which nerves supply the muscularis externa and adventitia?

A

Parasympathetics (S2-S4 w/ splanchnic nerves)

55
Q

Sensory nerves supply:

A

Urinary bladder to sacral spinal cord

56
Q

What is the epithelial type of the prostatic urethra?

A

Urothelium (transitional)

57
Q

Which part of the urethra passes through the external urethral sphincter?

A

Membranous urethra

58
Q

Which type of muscle makes up the membranous urethra?

A

Striated muscle

59
Q

The surface epithelium of the membranous urethra is:

A

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar

60
Q

Which section of the urethra is surrounded by erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)?

A

Spongy (penile) urethra

61
Q

What is the surface epithelium type of the spongy urethra?

A

Stratified columnar and pseudostratified columnar (same as membranous) –> stratified squamous distally

62
Q

Which section of the urethra contains urothelium?

A

Prostatic urethra

63
Q

Which section of the urethra is longest in males?

A

Spongy (15 cm)

64
Q

What female glands are located within the urethral wall?

A

Proximal urethral glands and paraurethral glands

65
Q

Which female gland is small and numerous and leads to the lumen?

A

Proximal urethral glands

66
Q

Which female gland secretes alkaline fluid?

A

Paraurethral glands

Organ Histology (4 decks)

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