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Ophthalmology > Exam Findings > Flashcards

Exam Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Bell’s

A

External - palsy affecting ability to blink at one side of face

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2
Q

Brow ptosis

A

External - drooping of the eyebrow

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3
Q

Edema

A

External - swelling from flow of fluid

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4
Q

Exophthalmos

A

External - bulging of the eye

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5
Q

Enophthalmos

A

External - sinking in of the eye

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6
Q

Proptosis

A

External - General term for protruding body part

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7
Q

Blepharitis

A

Lids - inflammation of the lids

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8
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Lids - bruising of the eyelid

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9
Q

Ectropion / Entropion

A

Lids - Lid turned outward / inward

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10
Q

Lash ptosis

A

Lids - Drooping of the eyelashes

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11
Q

Lid lesion

A

Lids - Lesion on the eyelid

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12
Q

MGD

A

Lids - Meibomian Gland Dysfunction - cause of dry eye syndrome (DES)

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13
Q

Chemosis

A

Conjunctiva/Sclera - swelling / edema of the conjunctiva

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14
Q

Cyst

A

Conjunctiva/Sclera - pimple-like bump on sclera

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15
Q

Episcleritis

A

Conjunctiva/Sclera - irritation of episclera, which covers the sclera

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16
Q

Injection

A

Conjunctiva/Sclera - bloodshot eye

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17
Q

Nevus

A

Conjunctiva/Sclera - birthmark / pigment on eye

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18
Q

Pigmentation

A

Conjunctiva / Sclera - nevus on eye

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19
Q

Pinguecula

A

Conjunctiva / Sclera - yellowish, slightly raised thickening of the conjunctiva on the white part of the eye

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20
Q

Pterygium

A

Conjunctiva / Sclera - benign growth of the conjunctiva

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21
Q

SPK / PEE

A

Corneal - Superficial Punctate Keratitis / Punctate Epithelial Erosion - tiny dots or holes in cornea

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22
Q

Thinning

A

Corneal - Thinning of the cornea

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23
Q

Corneal Edema

A

Cornea - white fluid filling the cornea

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24
Q

Dystrophy (ABMD, Fuchs)

A

Corneal - ABMD, Fuchs - Anterior Basement Membrane Dystropy, wasting away of the cornea. Degenerative disease of corneal epithelium

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25
Q

Deposits

A

Corneal - iron and pigment deposits

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26
Q

Epi defect

A

Corneal - Epithelial defect of cornea with several etiologies

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27
Q

Guttata

A

Corneal - collagen collection in eye indicative of Fuch’s dystrophy

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28
Q

Keratic precipitates

A

Corneal - KP - keratic precipitates not limited to collagen, on cornea

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29
Q

Deep and quiet

A

Anterior Chamber - normal

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30
Q

Cell

A

Anterior Chamber - individual inflammatory cells

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31
Q

Flare

A

Anterior Chamber - foggy appearance given by protein that has leaked from inflamed blood vessels

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32
Q

Gas Bubble

A

Anterior Chamber - visible air bubble in anterior chamber

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33
Q

Narrow angle

A

Anterior Chamber - The angle of the iris / ciliary body is narrow / acute

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34
Q

Shallow

A

Anterior Chamber - not deep

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35
Q

Round and Reactive

A

Iris - normal

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36
Q

Dilated

A

Iris - dilated pupil

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37
Q

PI (peripheral iridectomy)

A

Iris - the surgical removal of a portion of the iris in the region of its root, leaving the pupillary margin and sphincter pupillae muscle intact. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma

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38
Q

Transillumination defect

A

Iris - irregular pigment distribution in iris

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39
Q

ACIOL / PCIOL

A

Lens - Anterior Chamber intraocular lens / Posterior chamber - synthetic lens for cataracts

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40
Q

Open Posterior Capsule

A

Lens - Open PC - result of a YAG when correcting for PCO from cataract surgery

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41
Q

Posterior Capsule Opacity

A

Lens - PCO - cataract forming on back of synthetic lens

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42
Q

Asteroid hyalosis

A

Vitreous - small opacities in vitreous humor

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43
Q

PVD

A

Vitreous - posterior vitreous detachment - hyaloid, or back surface of vitreous, is no longer in contact with the retina

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44
Q

Vitreous syneresis

A

Vitreous - contraction of gel precursor to PVD

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45
Q

Weiss ring

A

Vitreous - large floater the appears from PVD

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46
Q

Vitreous hemorrhage

A

Vitreous - blood in the vitreous

47
Q

Cotton wool spots

A

Periphery - fluffy white patches on the retina

48
Q

papilledema

A

Disc - optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure

49
Q

AV nicking

A

Vessels - arteriovenous nicking - a small artery (arteriole) is seen crossing a small vein (venule), which results in the compression of the vein with bulging on either side of the crossing

50
Q

Hypopyon

A

Anterior Chamber - inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of eye

51
Q

Nuclear sclerosis

A

Lens - NSC, or NS, - a cataract, change in the density of the lens that makes it opaque / scatter light

52
Q

Collarettes

A

Lids - narrow rim of loosened keratin overhanging the periphery of a circumscribed skin lesion

53
Q

Lattice Degeneration

A

Periphery - degeneration of the retinal lattice with may morphologies

54
Q

Choroidal nevus

A

Periphery - freckle / pigment on the back of the eye

55
Q

Exudates

A

Macula / Periphery - lipid residues of serous leakage from damaged capillaries. The commonest cause is diabetes

56
Q

Hyphema

A

Anterior Chamber - collection of blood inside the front part of the eye

57
Q

Pallor

A

Disc - an abnormal pale yellow color is evident on fundus exam

58
Q

Descemet’s folds

A

Cornea - membrane lying between stroma and cornea has folds

59
Q

Narrow Angle

A

Anterior chamber

60
Q

Melanosis

A

Conjunctiva/Sclera - conjunctival melanoma

61
Q

Trichiasis

A

Lids - common eyelid abnormality in which the eyelashes are misdirected and grow inwards toward the eye

62
Q

Synechiae

A

Anterior chamber / iris - iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia) can lead to narrow angle glaucoma

63
Q

Retinopathy

A

Macula / Periphery - persistent or acute damage to the retina of the eye

64
Q

asthenopia

A

eye strain

65
Q

Stereo fly test

A

tests to see if eyes are working together via 3D images.

66
Q

astigmatism

A

a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus

67
Q

nystagmus

A

rapid involuntary movements of the eyes

68
Q

arcus

A

corneal - white, grey, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin (peripheral corneal opacity)

69
Q

drusen

A

macula - tiny white or yellow accumulations at back of retina

70
Q

Chronic frontalis use

A

external - scrunching of forehead

71
Q

Orbicularis weakness

A

external - weakness closing eyelids

72
Q

Hering effect

73
Q

Chalazion

A

lids - a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid

74
Q

Collarettes

A

lids - crusting around base of lashes

75
Q

Dermatochalasis

A

lids - defined as an excess of skin in the upper or lower eyelid, also known as “baggy eyes.”

76
Q

Epiblepharon

A

lids - a congenital horizontal fold of skin near the margin of the upper or lower eyelid. May cause lashes to touch eye

77
Q

Keratosis

A

lids - growth of keratin on lids

78
Q

Papilloma

A

lids - benign epithelial tumor

79
Q

Scleral show

A

lids - whites of the eyes show on eyelid

80
Q

scurf

A

lids - dandruff

81
Q

telangiectasia

A

lids - small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin

82
Q

xanthelasma

A

lids -yellowish deposit of fat underneath the skin

83
Q

retraction

A

lids - eyelid is pulled too far up

84
Q

bleb

A

Conjunctiva / Sclera - raised portion of the sclera

85
Q

concretion

A

Conjunctiva / Sclera - small, hard, yellowish-white calcified matter. commonly under the eyelid

86
Q

melanosis

A

Conjunctiva / Sclera - painless flat brown spot on the eye that might superficially look like a freckle

87
Q

Striae

A

cornea - folds

88
Q

all keratopathy except keratosis

89
Q

Dendrite

A

Corneal - pattern of ulcer

90
Q

Dellen

A

Corneal - are localized areas of thinning, or drying, of the peripheral cornea

91
Q

Krukenberg’s spindle

A

Corneal - pattern formed on the inner surface of the cornea by pigmented iris cells which are deposited as a result of the currents of the aqueous humor

92
Q

Neovascularization

A

cornea - excessive ingrowth of new blood vessels caused by oxygen deprivation
also peripheral retina finding

93
Q

Descemet’s folds

A

corneal - membrane lying between stroma and cornea

94
Q

Hyphema

A

anterior chamber - post injury accumulation of blood in anterior chamber

95
Q

Hypopyon

A

anterior chamber - inflammatory cells in anterior chamber of eye

96
Q

Vitreous strands

A

Anterior chamber - floaters

97
Q

aniridia

A

Iris - absence of the iris

98
Q

Coloboma

A

Iris - hole in a part of the eye

99
Q

Posterior synechiae

A

iris - attachment of iris to the lens

100
Q

Nuclear sclerosis

A

Lens - cataract

101
Q

cortical cataract

A

Lens - cataracts that affect the edge of the lens

102
Q

cortical spokes

A

Lens - spokes at the edge of the lens that look like the spokes of a wheel

103
Q

Mittendorf dot

A

Lens - presence of a small dense floating opacity behind the posterior lens capsule

104
Q

Pseudoexfoliation (PEX)

A

Lens - grey flakes on the lens capsule

105
Q

Snowballs

A

Vitreous - yellow-white inflammatory aggregates

106
Q

atrophy

A

Disc - breakdown of disc seen as a color change, usually from lack of oxygen. Can also happen to macula

107
Q

Pallor

A

Disc - optic disc is abnormally pale

108
Q

Drusen

A

Disc - abnormal globular collections of protein and calcium salts which accumulate in the optic nerve and macula

109
Q

Papilledema

A

Disc - optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure

110
Q

Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)

A

Macula - cellophane-like membrane that forms over the macula.

111
Q

Choroidal nevus and lesion

A

Macula and periphery

112
Q

RPE detachment (retinal pigment epithelium)

113
Q

Mottling

A

macula - some subtle pigmentary change that is not clearly macular degeneration

114
Q

retinoschisis

A

peripheral - abnormal splitting of the retina’s neurosensory layers

Ophthalmology (11 decks)

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