Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Introduction to Political Science > EXAM Chpt 4-7 > Flashcards

EXAM Chpt 4-7 Flashcards

1
Q

A political system that claims domination over both a central, directly administered territory and other
territories that it governs in other ways is known as:

A

empire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A ‘state’ requires which of the following components (select all that apply)?

A

Monopoly over the use of legitimate violence; Territorial boundaries; and one authority within those boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

According to the academic definition in political science, which of the following entities would be
classified as a state?

A

The Italian Republic (Italy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Kurds are a stateless nation

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A body of people having a common descent, history, culture, or language is known as:

A

a nation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to the text, the United States is the clearest example of a “state-first” nation-state

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following is an example of a “nation-first” nation-state?

A

Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Democracy scores, as measured by Freedom House and Polity IV have ____________ since 1800.

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The type of democracy that extends beyond constitutions, rule of law, and electoral representation to
include minority rights, equality, and free and fair elections is known as:

A

Liberal democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The type of democracy where rights are not very respected outside of the right to vote is often referred to
by scholars as:

A

Illiberal Democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The type of democracy where rights are not very respected outside of the right to vote is often referred to
by scholars as:

A

Totalitarianism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ideally, democracies most clearly align with which base of authority?

A

Rational-legal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ideally, democracies most clearly align with which base of authority?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which of the following countries is a textbook example of an “illiberal democracy”?

A

Singapore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The country that most closely resembles a theocracy is:

A

Iran

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Attempting to achieve descriptive representation means that:

A

Different racial, gender, and ethnic groups will be represented in legislative bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Electoral systems sometimes count each political party’s votes and assign legislative seats according to
a percentage of the votes. This type of system is known as:

A

Proportional representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

According to Duverger’s Law, when is a two-party system most likely to occur?

A

When there are single member district plurality rules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

According to Duverger, multi-party systems are more likely to occur when a country has:

A

proportional representation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which adaptation allows for single member districts to guarantee a majority to the winner (select all that
apply)?

A

Two-round voting (runoff voting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Legislative quotas are used to guarantee representation of (select all that apply):

A

Women, Religious, ethnic, and linguistic minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

One of the disadvantages of proportional representation is:

A

Too many parties may populate the legislature, leading to incoherent politics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

One of the disadvantages of single member district plurality systems is:

A

The winner-take-all system can result in a winner that does not have majority support
There is no clear connection to the candidate who runs for a particular seat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? electoral representation, liberal rights; rational-legal legitimacy; very demanding standards. U.S, Japan, Costa Rica

A

liberal democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? elections with limited rights; effectiveness rational-legal legitimacy; Effectiveness is difficult to deliver, slippery slope to abuse. Singapore, Turkey, Russia

A

Illiberal Democracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Unlimited authority based on status; xyz.

A

Authoritarianism/Totalitarianism (extreme control over citizens’ lives)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Hereditary superiority, traditional legitimacy, obsolete notion of superiority. Saudi Arabia, Swaziland

A

Monarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Religious wisdom, charismatic legitimacy, Hard to maintain pure religious image while exercising secular power. Iran

A

Theocracy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Ideological path to utopia, charismatic legitimacy. Drift from ideological goals. China, Vietnam

A

One-Party Regime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Stability and security; effectiveness; Regime survival becomes priority. Syria Turkmenistan

A

Dictatorship

31
Q

What are the components of Liberal Democracy?

A

Churchill - Democracy is the worst (except for all others). Definition extends beyond elections. Ex. Representation is direct democracy vs. representative democracy. Rights and equality. Elections: participation and contestation. Fully Franchise? Not always for people of color, women, non-citizens, incarcerated, mentally ill, or children, etc.

32
Q

What is the base of states/state sovereignty?

A

Defined by Weber. States is an organization with monopoly on the legitimate use of violence in a fixed territory. Ex. Weakened the Catholic Church. Advanced technology-wise from longbow, cannons. Has a Merchant class cooperation (Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 -established sovereignty of states, “supreme authority.”

33
Q

Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: FACISM?

A

Fascism help provide - belonging* and security*.

34
Q

Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: MODERN CONSERVATISM

A

Modern conservatism provides - belonging, security, stability, and representation.

34
Q

Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: MODERN LIBERALISM

A

Modern liberalism provides - belonging, security, stability, representation, protection of bad regimes, obstacles to global cooperation* and exclusion.

35
Q

Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: ENVIRONMENTALISM

A

Environmentalism only provides - obstacles to global cooperation *

35
Q

Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: NEOCONSERVATISM

A

Neoconservatism only provides - Protection of bad regimes*.

36
Q

Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: SOCIALISM

A

Socialism provides - Obstacles to global cooperation, exclusion, and oppression*

37
Q

Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: POLITICAL ISLAMISM

A

Political Islamism provides - exclusion and oppression*

38
Q

What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? STATE-FIRST; NATION-STATE

A

State-first, Nation-State - refers to early war-fighting first, then consciously builds up national identity; featuring unitary structure (Jus soli citizenship). Ex. France, United Kingdom (later UK devolution made it less unitary)

39
Q

What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? NATION-FIRST, NATION-STATE

A

Nation-First, Nation-State refers to language and/or religion generate common identity: nationalist movement then demands a shared state. (Jus sanguine citizenship) Very strong nationalism. Sometimes unitary, sometimes federal if combining strong earlier units. Ex. Germany, Italy, and Japan

40
Q

What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? FRAGMENTED NATION-STATE

A

Fragmentated Nation-State refers to diverse preexisting units come together for security, stability or economic gain. Federal structure (Jus soli citizenship) Ex. U.S., Canada, and Nigeria.

41
Q

What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? FAILED STATE

A

Failed State - Refers to poverty, post colonialism, ethnic or religious diversity. Institutions unable to govern. Ex. Somalia, Afghanistan, and Central African Republic

42
Q

Unitary State

A

A state where the central government holds all major political authority. Irrevocable authority. Ex. Japan and French

43
Q

Federal States

A

A state where power is shared between two levels of government with irrevocable authority. Ex. U.S. states, Canadian provinces)

44
Q

autonomy

A

The power or right to act independently from others. Ex. Switzerland (decentralized country), developed federalism to allow German, French and Italian speaking regions some autonomy.

45
Q

Devolution

A

A transfer of authority to lower levels of government

46
Q

Citizenship

A

Legal membership in a state, typically giving full access to privileges available to other inhabitants.

47
Q

Jus sanguine “right of blood”

A

Citizenship given to those related by blood. Ex. Germany “had” a pure version of this.

48
Q

Naturalization

A

A process of acquiring citizenship in state after having citizenship in another state or nation.

49
Q

Jus soli “right of soil”

A

This principle awards citizenship to those born on a state’s territory. Ex. The British and French took advantage of this right to proclaimed everyone on their territory as citizens, along with implication they become loyalty and identify to that state.

50
Q

Failed States

A

A country where the central government is entirely unable to control the territory, resulting in chaos. Ex. Afghanistan is the most important example of a failing state in news today.

51
Q

Globalization

A

Rising flows of goods, services, money, people, and ideas across borders.

52
Q

Human rights

A

Rights that ostensibly apply to all people simply by virtue of being human.

53
Q

International law

A

A set rules that states generally accept as binding

54
Q

International organizations

A

The UN, The World Trade Organization or the European Union are examples of entities who have created agreements between states to manage international cooperation or undertake specific tasks.

55
Q

Apathy

A

A state of indifference and inactivity. Ex. Non-political actions.

56
Q

Civil disobedience

A

A peaceful but explicit refusal to respect laws or rules.

57
Q

What type of political actions would a Citizen represent?

A

An individual expression. Ex. Announce views: bumper sticker, yard sign, flag display. Engage in political discussions. Letter -writing to newspapers, officials Blog.

58
Q

What type of political actions would a Mobilized - Citizen represent?

A

Join a collective action to vote, support party with money/time, leader/candidate with money/time, group/organization, or join public demonstrations, strike or legal protests, civil disobedience like sit-ins, boycotts.

59
Q

What type of political actions would a Activist or Leader represent?

A

A leading collective action that volunteers a role in the community/organization. Help organize social movement, demonstrations or protests. Persuade others to participate. Approach public officials on behalf of your community, group or movement.

60
Q

What type of political actions would a Lobbyist Politician, Staffer/advisor, or Bureaucrat represent?

A

A professional politician is usually paid to work to affect public officials’ choices. Run for or hold paid office. Paid work directly for politicians or government.

61
Q

What type of political actions would a Rebel or Revolutionary Terrorist represent?

A

Usually involved with violent action such as riots, sabotage, insurgency, and terrorism.

62
Q

Collective-Action Problem

A

A situation in which successful action depends on the involvement of multiple people, but rational individuals would not see sufficient incentives to join in.

63
Q

Downs Paradox

A

The idea that the cost of voting in an individual’s time usually exceeds the likely benefits, since a single vote rarely affects the outcome.

64
Q

turnout

A

The percentage of potential voters who actually vote in an election.

65
Q

Free rider problem

A

The category of collective-action problems in which individuals would prefer to let someone else do the work to obtain a collective benefit.

66
Q

Selective incentives

A

Any individually targeted benefit that attempts to resolve collective-action problems.

67
Q

Dissident

A

Someone who opposes a political system or policy, usually in an authoritarian context where such opposition is not permitted.

68
Q

Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)

A

Any legally created organization that operates independently from government and odes not operate mainly for business profit.

69
Q

Cycles of protest

A

When small initial protests embolden other people to join them or imitate them elsewhere.

70
Q

Noncombatants

A

The legal term for civilians not taking part in an armed conflict. Ex. suicide terrorisms.

71
Q

Social capital

A

A resource gained from making social connections to other people in society.

72
Q
A

Introduction to Political Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions