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Introduction to Political Science > EXAM Chpt 4-7 > Flashcards

EXAM Chpt 4-7 Flashcards

1
Q

A political system that claims domination over both a central, directly administered territory and other
territories that it governs in other ways is known as:

A

empire

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2
Q

A ‘state’ requires which of the following components (select all that apply)?

A

Monopoly over the use of legitimate violence; Territorial boundaries; and one authority within those boundaries

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3
Q

According to the academic definition in political science, which of the following entities would be
classified as a state?

A

The Italian Republic (Italy)

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4
Q

The Kurds are a stateless nation

A

True

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5
Q

A body of people having a common descent, history, culture, or language is known as:

A

a nation

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6
Q

According to the text, the United States is the clearest example of a “state-first” nation-state

A

False

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7
Q

Which of the following is an example of a “nation-first” nation-state?

A

Germany

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8
Q

Democracy scores, as measured by Freedom House and Polity IV have ____________ since 1800.

A

increased

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9
Q

The type of democracy that extends beyond constitutions, rule of law, and electoral representation to
include minority rights, equality, and free and fair elections is known as:

A

Liberal democracy

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10
Q

The type of democracy where rights are not very respected outside of the right to vote is often referred to
by scholars as:

A

Illiberal Democracy

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11
Q

The type of democracy where rights are not very respected outside of the right to vote is often referred to
by scholars as:

A

Totalitarianism

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12
Q

Ideally, democracies most clearly align with which base of authority?

A

Rational-legal

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13
Q

Ideally, democracies most clearly align with which base of authority?

A

False

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14
Q

Which of the following countries is a textbook example of an “illiberal democracy”?

A

Singapore

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15
Q

The country that most closely resembles a theocracy is:

A

Iran

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16
Q

Attempting to achieve descriptive representation means that:

A

Different racial, gender, and ethnic groups will be represented in legislative bodies

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17
Q

Electoral systems sometimes count each political party’s votes and assign legislative seats according to
a percentage of the votes. This type of system is known as:

A

Proportional representation

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18
Q

According to Duverger’s Law, when is a two-party system most likely to occur?

A

When there are single member district plurality rules

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19
Q

According to Duverger, multi-party systems are more likely to occur when a country has:

A

proportional representation

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20
Q

Which adaptation allows for single member districts to guarantee a majority to the winner (select all that
apply)?

A

Two-round voting (runoff voting)

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21
Q

Legislative quotas are used to guarantee representation of (select all that apply):

A

Women, Religious, ethnic, and linguistic minorities

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22
Q

One of the disadvantages of proportional representation is:

A

Too many parties may populate the legislature, leading to incoherent politics

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23
Q

One of the disadvantages of single member district plurality systems is:

A

The winner-take-all system can result in a winner that does not have majority support
There is no clear connection to the candidate who runs for a particular seat

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24
Q

Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? electoral representation, liberal rights; rational-legal legitimacy; very demanding standards. U.S, Japan, Costa Rica

A

liberal democracy

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25
Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? elections with limited rights; effectiveness rational-legal legitimacy; Effectiveness is difficult to deliver, slippery slope to abuse. Singapore, Turkey, Russia
Illiberal Democracy
26
Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Unlimited authority based on status; xyz.
Authoritarianism/Totalitarianism (extreme control over citizens' lives)
27
Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Hereditary superiority, traditional legitimacy, obsolete notion of superiority. Saudi Arabia, Swaziland
Monarchy
28
Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Religious wisdom, charismatic legitimacy, Hard to maintain pure religious image while exercising secular power. Iran
Theocracy
29
Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Ideological path to utopia, charismatic legitimacy. Drift from ideological goals. China, Vietnam
One-Party Regime
30
Which type of government has the following traits; in which countries? Stability and security; effectiveness; Regime survival becomes priority. Syria Turkmenistan
Dictatorship
31
What are the components of Liberal Democracy?
Churchill - Democracy is the worst (except for all others). Definition extends beyond elections. Ex. Representation is direct democracy vs. representative democracy. Rights and equality. Elections: participation and contestation. Fully Franchise? Not always for people of color, women, non-citizens, incarcerated, mentally ill, or children, etc.
32
What is the base of states/state sovereignty?
Defined by Weber. States is an organization with monopoly on the legitimate use of violence in a fixed territory. Ex. Weakened the Catholic Church. Advanced technology-wise from longbow, cannons. Has a Merchant class cooperation (Treaty of Westphalia, 1648 -established sovereignty of states, "supreme authority."
33
Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: FACISM?
Fascism help provide - belonging* and security*.
34
Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: MODERN CONSERVATISM
Modern conservatism provides - belonging, security*, stability*, and representation.
34
Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: MODERN LIBERALISM
Modern liberalism provides - belonging, security, stability, representation*, protection of bad regimes*, obstacles to global cooperation* and exclusion.
35
Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: ENVIRONMENTALISM
Environmentalism only provides - obstacles to global cooperation *
35
Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: NEOCONSERVATISM
Neoconservatism only provides - Protection of bad regimes*.
36
Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: SOCIALISM
Socialism provides - Obstacles to global cooperation, exclusion, and oppression*
37
Which political ideologies emphasize the different costs and benefits of respecting a state sovereignty (starting from pro-sovereignty to anti-sovereignty: POLITICAL ISLAMISM
Political Islamism provides - exclusion and oppression*
38
What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? STATE-FIRST; NATION-STATE
State-first, Nation-State - refers to early war-fighting first, then consciously builds up national identity; featuring unitary structure (Jus soli citizenship). Ex. France, United Kingdom (later UK devolution made it less unitary)
39
What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? NATION-FIRST, NATION-STATE
Nation-First, Nation-State refers to language and/or religion generate common identity: nationalist movement then demands a shared state. (Jus sanguine citizenship) Very strong nationalism. Sometimes unitary, sometimes federal if combining strong earlier units. Ex. Germany, Italy, and Japan
40
What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? FRAGMENTED NATION-STATE
Fragmentated Nation-State refers to diverse preexisting units come together for security, stability or economic gain. Federal structure (Jus soli citizenship) Ex. U.S., Canada, and Nigeria.
41
What are the states outcomes, most common background and features; list states/nations classic examples? FAILED STATE
Failed State - Refers to poverty, post colonialism, ethnic or religious diversity. Institutions unable to govern. Ex. Somalia, Afghanistan, and Central African Republic
42
Unitary State
A state where the central government holds all major political authority. Irrevocable authority. Ex. Japan and French
43
Federal States
A state where power is shared between two levels of government with irrevocable authority. Ex. U.S. states, Canadian provinces)
44
autonomy
The power or right to act independently from others. Ex. Switzerland (decentralized country), developed federalism to allow German, French and Italian speaking regions some autonomy.
45
Devolution
A transfer of authority to lower levels of government
46
Citizenship
Legal membership in a state, typically giving full access to privileges available to other inhabitants.
47
Jus sanguine "right of blood"
Citizenship given to those related by blood. Ex. Germany "had" a pure version of this.
48
Naturalization
A process of acquiring citizenship in state after having citizenship in another state or nation.
49
Jus soli "right of soil"
This principle awards citizenship to those born on a state's territory. Ex. The British and French took advantage of this right to proclaimed everyone on their territory as citizens, along with implication they become loyalty and identify to that state.
50
Failed States
A country where the central government is entirely unable to control the territory, resulting in chaos. Ex. Afghanistan is the most important example of a failing state in news today.
51
Globalization
Rising flows of goods, services, money, people, and ideas across borders.
52
Human rights
Rights that ostensibly apply to all people simply by virtue of being human.
53
International law
A set rules that states generally accept as binding
54
International organizations
The UN, The World Trade Organization or the European Union are examples of entities who have created agreements between states to manage international cooperation or undertake specific tasks.
55
Apathy
A state of indifference and inactivity. Ex. Non-political actions.
56
Civil disobedience
A peaceful but explicit refusal to respect laws or rules.
57
What type of political actions would a Citizen represent?
An individual expression. Ex. Announce views: bumper sticker, yard sign, flag display. Engage in political discussions. Letter -writing to newspapers, officials Blog.
58
What type of political actions would a Mobilized - Citizen represent?
Join a collective action to vote, support party with money/time, leader/candidate with money/time, group/organization, or join public demonstrations, strike or legal protests, civil disobedience like sit-ins, boycotts.
59
What type of political actions would a Activist or Leader represent?
A leading collective action that volunteers a role in the community/organization. Help organize social movement, demonstrations or protests. Persuade others to participate. Approach public officials on behalf of your community, group or movement.
60
What type of political actions would a Lobbyist Politician, Staffer/advisor, or Bureaucrat represent?
A professional politician is usually paid to work to affect public officials' choices. Run for or hold paid office. Paid work directly for politicians or government.
61
What type of political actions would a Rebel or Revolutionary Terrorist represent?
Usually involved with violent action such as riots, sabotage, insurgency, and terrorism.
62
Collective-Action Problem
A situation in which successful action depends on the involvement of multiple people, but rational individuals would not see sufficient incentives to join in.
63
Downs Paradox
The idea that the cost of voting in an individual's time usually exceeds the likely benefits, since a single vote rarely affects the outcome.
64
turnout
The percentage of potential voters who actually vote in an election.
65
Free rider problem
The category of collective-action problems in which individuals would prefer to let someone else do the work to obtain a collective benefit.
66
Selective incentives
Any individually targeted benefit that attempts to resolve collective-action problems.
67
Dissident
Someone who opposes a political system or policy, usually in an authoritarian context where such opposition is not permitted.
68
Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)
Any legally created organization that operates independently from government and odes not operate mainly for business profit.
69
Cycles of protest
When small initial protests embolden other people to join them or imitate them elsewhere.
70
Noncombatants
The legal term for civilians not taking part in an armed conflict. Ex. suicide terrorisms.
71
Social capital
A resource gained from making social connections to other people in society.
72

Introduction to Political Science (6 decks)

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