Chapter 6 Study - Individual Participation & Collective Action

Question 1

Tank Man -
Greensboro Four -

Answer 1

A pro-democracy man protests Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, stood in front of tanks to block their progress toward the demonstrators.
Ex. Other examples in NC, were the “Greensboro Four” which included 4 black students from NC A&T who demonstrated their civil rights to sit in at an all white Woolworth restaurant.

Question 2

Low Intensity and High Intensity demonstration

Answer 2

1. Low intensity usually involves one citizen who may express or demonstrate their action by writing to newspapers, calling congress, placing a bumper sticker or wearing a t-shirt – depending upon groups, states, and countries that they are from.
2. A group of mobilized citizens that Join/support through a collective action such as voting and supporting their party with money, resources, time, organization, and civil-disobedience such as boycotts or sit-ins.
3. Intensity increases when there is a collective leader/activist who volunteers to lead in various roles such as advocacy group, community organizer, and influence or persuade others to participate
4. More intensity involves professional politics or bureaucrats who are generally paid to run for a paid office, politician, or government.
5. High intensity happens when there is violence, terrorist and revolutionary groups that sabotage or incite terrorism, riots. Ex. White House and Trump

Question 3

Collective-action problem

Answer 3

A rationalized individual who don’t agree go join in to vote collectively. However, a group of successful actions often dependent upon the involvement of multiple people.

Question 4

Downs paradox

Answer 4

Named after the political scientist Anthony Downs, who believed that an intentional democracy is based upon as many people voting verses the opposite (one person vote).

Question 5

Turnout

Answer 5

Is the percentage of registered voters who vote in an election. Ex. the U.S. is amongst the lowest for turnouts percentage (48%)

Question 6

Free-rider problem

Answer 6

People who are age-eligible to vote, but had rather sit home and reap the benefits of other voter participants.

Question 7

Selective incentives

Answer 7

People of the Non collective group of individual who benefits from the individuals who are part of the free-rider’s problem.

Question 8

Dissident

Answer 8

Activists who opposes a political system or policy. Ex. They might criticize regimes/governments.

Question 9

NGO ( Nongovernmental organizations

Answer 9

A legalized organization created independently from any other government and doesn’t make a profit.

Question 10

Social Movements

Answer 10

A small/medium sized public campaign that target collective goals.

Question 11

Cycles of protest

Answer 11

Pop up protestors that may have started small in another state, city or town and have embolden others to imitate them.

Question 12

noncombatants

Answer 12

Civilians that don’t take participation in an armed conflict.