Exam case studies Flashcards
Bronchiectasis
Long term condition affecting the airways
Abnormal dilation of one or more bronchi.
Due to severe lower respiratory tract infection e.g. pneumonia
Or secondary manifestation of COPD.
Respiratory tubercolosis
Contagious infection that destroys tissue
Fever, night sweats, chest wall pain, weight loss, haemoptysis, SOB.
Oesophageal carcinoma
Cancer of the oesophagus.
Oesophagogastrectomy
Respiratory implication
Removal of top part of stomach and bottom part of oesophagus
PPC’s- pneumonia.
Emphysema
Part of COPD
Walls of air sacs in lungs are damaged
No secretions.
Below knee amputation
Transtibial amputation
Laparotomy
Incision in abdominal wall to access abdominal cavity
Duodenal ulcer
Develops in part of small intestine
CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery
Treats blockage or narrowing of coronary artery to restore blood supply to heart muscle.
alpha1- antitrypsin deficiency emphysema
Rare inherited condition
Can lead to COPD
Low levels of AATD means lungs aren’t as well protected and enzymes can damage the lungs
SOB, wheezing, reduced exercise tolerance
Can lead to liver problems
Lung volume reduction surgery
Remove least functional parts of lung to improve airflow.
Respiratory TB physio management
Sputum samples in negative pressure room
Exercise in isolation cubicle.
Elective left hemi-colectomy
Removal of left side of bowel
Altered diet prior to surgery- may lead to dehydration or fatigue after surgery.
Laparotomy incision
Oesophageal gastrectomy physio management
Malnourished pre op commonly
Can affect healing
Avoid head down, neck extension
Risks of c section
Infection
Womb line infection
DVT
Heart lung transplant
Suggests end stage disease, survival limited, quality of life is poor.
Performed by median sternotomy or clam shell incision.
Diabetes and amputation
Diabetes can cause nerve damage and poor circulation
Can lead to foot ulcers which can worsen quickly
High risk of peripheral artery disease which reduces blood flow to legs and feet.
Diabetics after surgery
Poor, slow healing
Delays recovery
Lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema/AATD
Removing large airway space- less air is trapped so breathing is more efficient
AATD- significant improvement dyspnoea and lung function for 3.5 years (Tutic et al, 2004)
Pre transplant rehab for heart and lung transplant patient
Optimize physical and functional performance
Exercise training, nutritional support, psychosocial support, education
Education- nutrition, keeping active, stress management, use of time to improve quality of life
Training 2-3 times a week
Exercise training pre heart and lung transplant
2-3 times a week
Functional exercises, ROM, stretching, endurance
Post op transplant care
Optimize ventilation
Clear secretions
Increase exercise tolerance
Achieving independence with ADLs
