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EXAM!!! Flashcards

1
Q

Name the stages of the Product Design Process

A

Investigating and defining
Design and development
Planning and production
Evaluation

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2
Q

What are the steps in Investigating and Defining?

A
  1. Identify client, end-user, need, problem or opportunity
  2. Design brief
  3. Design option criteria, product evaluation criteria
  4. Research
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3
Q

What are steps in Design and Development?

A
  1. Visualisations
  2. Design options, selection, justification of preferred option
  3. Working drawings, pattern drafting
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4
Q

What are the steps in Planning and Production?

A
  1. Production plan

9. Production

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5
Q

What are the steps in Evaluation?

A
  1. Product evaluation

11. Planning and production and process evaluation

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6
Q

Name the parts of the Evaluation Criteria for the Finished Product (aka Four Part Evaluation Criteria)

A

Evaluation question
Justification
How this can be achieved during the product design process
How product is to be tested/checked

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7
Q

Name the Five Ps of marketing

A 
People (who will buy this product?)
Product (what is being sold?) 
Price
Place 
Promotion (how will people know about it?)
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8
Q

Name some forms of emerging technology

A

Computer-aided design (CAD)
Computer-aided manufacture (CAM)
Laser technology
Rapid 3D prototyping

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9
Q

What are some benefits of Computer-aided design (CAD)?

A

Allows for 3D visualisation - reduces costs and development times
Can be so detailed a physical prototype isn’t needed
Designs can be easily emailed, adjusted and stored electronically

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10
Q

What are some benefits of Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM)?

A
  • Faster production process
  • More precise dimensions and material consistency
  • Minimal wastage of raw materials
  • Less energy consumption
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11
Q

What are some benefits of laser technology?

A
  • Fast, accurate, precise
  • Can cut through many layers at one time
  • Can take measurements of distances, levels and speed
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12
Q

What are some benefits of rapid 3D prototyping?

A
  • Greatly reduced time to produce a prototype, which speeds up the whole product development process
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13
Q

What is the acronym for the Product Design Factors?

A

PH IV SELMT

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14
Q

What are the Product Design Factors?

A
  1. Purpose, function, context
  2. Human-Centred design
  3. Innovation and creativity
  4. Visual, tactile and aesthetic
  5. Sustainability
  6. Economics
  7. Legal responsibilities
  8. Materials
  9. Technologies
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15
Q

What is the mnemonic for Design Elements?

A

Tiny Little Trans Oppa Can Text From Shitty Phones

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16
Q

What are the Design Elements?

A 
Tone                         (Tiny)
Line                          (Little)
Transparency         (Trans)
/Opacity                  (Oppa)
Colour                      (Can)
Texture                     (Text)
Form                        (From)
Shape                     (Shitty)
Point                      (Phones)
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17
Q

What is the mnemonic for the Design Principles?

A

Really Pretty Boys Can Play Every Song

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18
Q

What are the Design Principles?

A 
Rhythm         (Really)
Proportion    (Pretty)
Balance         (Boys)
Contrast         (Can)
Pattern           (Play)
Emphasis     (Every)
Space           (Song)
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19
Q

What are some factors that contribute to high quality?

A

Suitability of materials used
Functionality - ease of use, product’s ability to perform it’s function
Reliability- strength/accuracy of construction (stitch length), type of finish used(overlocking, hems)
Aesthetics - visual/sensory appeal, suitability of product’s style

20
Q

What does PD Factor 1 entail?

A

Includes the reason/need for a product, in the context and environment of its use.

Includes: it’s operation, performance, reliability, quality.

Primary and secondary functions, and features that support its use are considered.

21
Q

What does PD Factor 2 entail?

A

Human problems/needs identified to improve well being and quality of life.

Considers culture, religion, age, economic status, emotional and sensory appeal, social and physical needs, fashion/trends.

Also safety, accessibility, comfort, ergonomic and anthropometric data.

22
Q

What does PD Factor 3 entail?

A

Develop new/improved solutions to unsolved problems/opportunities.

Involves: invention, improvement, modification, experimentation.

Opportunities are identified from RD, user feedback, new materials and emerging technology.

23
Q

What does PD Factor 4 entail?

A

Relate to the product’s form, appearance and feel.

Design elements and principles

24
Q

What does PD Factor 5 entail?

A

S.E.E

Underpinning aspects include: LCA, emotional attachment, carbon footprint, embodied energy and water use, distribution (product miles) and use of energy and resources.

25
Q

What does PD Factor 6 entail?

A

Time and Cost!!

Takes into account materials, labor, and use of equipment/machinery

Time management and material availability must be considered.

26
Q

What does PD Factor 7 entail?

A

Intellectual Property (IP) particularly Patents and Design Registration.

Australian and International (ISO) standards, regulations and legislation (including OHS).

Products must be produced safely and be safe for the user.

27
Q

What does PD Factor 8 entail?

A

Materials are selected for use based on their properties (performance/ behaviour chemically and physically under certain conditions) and characteristics (visible features).

Properties and characteristics include strength, durability, flexibility and compatibility with other materials.

28
Q

What does PD Factor 9 entail?

A

Tools, process, and manufacturing methods!

Production processes are reliant on and affected by available tools, equipment, machines, and expertise.

29
Q

Explain the difference between ergonomics and anthropometric data.

A

Ergonomics relates to shape.

Anthropometric data relates to measurements.

30
Q

Define Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

A

Life cycle analysis assesses the full environmental impact over the life of a product. LCA quantifies or assesses the environmental impact rather than the financial impact.

31
Q

What are the 3 types of obsolescence?

A
  1. Style
  2. Technical
  3. Functional
32
Q

Define style obsolescence

A

When a product is no longer wanted by consumers because, although it is still functional, it is no longer in popular fashion.

33
Q

Define technical obsolescence

A

A product becomes technically obsolete when it is replaced by a better product with more advanced technology.

34
Q

Define functional obsolescence

A

When a product wears out, deteriorates or breaks down after a certain amount of time and parts can’t be replaced, or it isn’t worth repairing.
Some manufacturers may plan for this when making a product to force consumers to buy a replacement, leading to more profit.

35
Q

Define ergonomics

A

The application on scientific information about the interaction and relationship of humans to the design of objects.

36
Q

Why is ergonomics important?

A

Ergonomics is an important consideration in product design to ensure the product fits the person, reduces the risk of injury or fatigue and improves performance.

37
Q

What are the steps in risk management?

A
  1. Identify hazards
  2. Assess risks- what harm could occur and the likelihood
  3. Control hazards and risks
  4. Check controls- are implemented controls working as planned and effective?
38
Q

What are the scales of production/ manufacturing?

A
  • One off
  • Low volume
  • Mass production
39
Q

What are the 2 types of low volume production?

A
  1. Job lot (low number)

2. Batch production (a specific number)

40
Q

What are the 2 types of mass production?

A
  1. Continuous

2. Production/assembly line

41
Q

What are the systems of manufacturing?

A
  • Lean
  • Just in time
  • Agile
42
Q

What is lean manufacturing?

A

Try to produce as little waste as possible in time, labour, materials and processes.

43
Q

What is the difference between effective and efficient?

A

Effective is about products being adequate to accomplish a purpose/ produce the expected result.

Efficient is about performing/ functioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of time and effort.

44
Q

Name the stages of the product development process

A
  • Identifying a need and defining the product concept
  • Product design, planning and prototype
  • Production and distribution
  • Retail and consumer use
  • Product evaluation and modification

Research, analysis and review takes place throughout the process

45
Q

Name the stages of the LCA

A
  • Raw material extraction
  • Material processing and shipping
  • Product manufacture and packaging
  • Product shipping
  • Product use
  • Product disposal/recycling
46
Q

Name some qualitative methods of evaluating a product

A

Market research, user trials, expert appraisal

47
Q

Name some quantitative methods of evaluating a product

A

Sales and returns, user trials, testing

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