EXAM!!! Flashcards
Name the stages of the Product Design Process
Investigating and defining
Design and development
Planning and production
Evaluation
What are the steps in Investigating and Defining?
- Identify client, end-user, need, problem or opportunity
- Design brief
- Design option criteria, product evaluation criteria
- Research
What are steps in Design and Development?
- Visualisations
- Design options, selection, justification of preferred option
- Working drawings, pattern drafting
What are the steps in Planning and Production?
- Production plan
9. Production
What are the steps in Evaluation?
- Product evaluation
11. Planning and production and process evaluation
Name the parts of the Evaluation Criteria for the Finished Product (aka Four Part Evaluation Criteria)
Evaluation question
Justification
How this can be achieved during the product design process
How product is to be tested/checked
Name the Five Ps of marketing
People (who will buy this product?) Product (what is being sold?) Price Place Promotion (how will people know about it?)
Name some forms of emerging technology
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Computer-aided manufacture (CAM)
Laser technology
Rapid 3D prototyping
What are some benefits of Computer-aided design (CAD)?
Allows for 3D visualisation - reduces costs and development times
Can be so detailed a physical prototype isn’t needed
Designs can be easily emailed, adjusted and stored electronically
What are some benefits of Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM)?
- Faster production process
- More precise dimensions and material consistency
- Minimal wastage of raw materials
- Less energy consumption
What are some benefits of laser technology?
- Fast, accurate, precise
- Can cut through many layers at one time
- Can take measurements of distances, levels and speed
What are some benefits of rapid 3D prototyping?
- Greatly reduced time to produce a prototype, which speeds up the whole product development process
What is the acronym for the Product Design Factors?
PH IV SELMT
What are the Product Design Factors?
- Purpose, function, context
- Human-Centred design
- Innovation and creativity
- Visual, tactile and aesthetic
- Sustainability
- Economics
- Legal responsibilities
- Materials
- Technologies
What is the mnemonic for Design Elements?
Tiny Little Trans Oppa Can Text From Shitty Phones
What are the Design Elements?
Tone (Tiny) Line (Little) Transparency (Trans) /Opacity (Oppa) Colour (Can) Texture (Text) Form (From) Shape (Shitty) Point (Phones)
What is the mnemonic for the Design Principles?
Really Pretty Boys Can Play Every Song
What are the Design Principles?
Rhythm (Really) Proportion (Pretty) Balance (Boys) Contrast (Can) Pattern (Play) Emphasis (Every) Space (Song)
What are some factors that contribute to high quality?
Suitability of materials used
Functionality - ease of use, product’s ability to perform it’s function
Reliability- strength/accuracy of construction (stitch length), type of finish used(overlocking, hems)
Aesthetics - visual/sensory appeal, suitability of product’s style
What does PD Factor 1 entail?
Includes the reason/need for a product, in the context and environment of its use.
Includes: it’s operation, performance, reliability, quality.
Primary and secondary functions, and features that support its use are considered.
What does PD Factor 2 entail?
Human problems/needs identified to improve well being and quality of life.
Considers culture, religion, age, economic status, emotional and sensory appeal, social and physical needs, fashion/trends.
Also safety, accessibility, comfort, ergonomic and anthropometric data.
What does PD Factor 3 entail?
Develop new/improved solutions to unsolved problems/opportunities.
Involves: invention, improvement, modification, experimentation.
Opportunities are identified from RD, user feedback, new materials and emerging technology.
What does PD Factor 4 entail?
Relate to the product’s form, appearance and feel.
Design elements and principles
What does PD Factor 5 entail?
S.E.E
Underpinning aspects include: LCA, emotional attachment, carbon footprint, embodied energy and water use, distribution (product miles) and use of energy and resources.
What does PD Factor 6 entail?
Time and Cost!!
Takes into account materials, labor, and use of equipment/machinery
Time management and material availability must be considered.
What does PD Factor 7 entail?
Intellectual Property (IP) particularly Patents and Design Registration.
Australian and International (ISO) standards, regulations and legislation (including OHS).
Products must be produced safely and be safe for the user.
What does PD Factor 8 entail?
Materials are selected for use based on their properties (performance/ behaviour chemically and physically under certain conditions) and characteristics (visible features).
Properties and characteristics include strength, durability, flexibility and compatibility with other materials.
What does PD Factor 9 entail?
Tools, process, and manufacturing methods!
Production processes are reliant on and affected by available tools, equipment, machines, and expertise.
Explain the difference between ergonomics and anthropometric data.
Ergonomics relates to shape.
Anthropometric data relates to measurements.
Define Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Life cycle analysis assesses the full environmental impact over the life of a product. LCA quantifies or assesses the environmental impact rather than the financial impact.
What are the 3 types of obsolescence?
- Style
- Technical
- Functional
Define style obsolescence
When a product is no longer wanted by consumers because, although it is still functional, it is no longer in popular fashion.
Define technical obsolescence
A product becomes technically obsolete when it is replaced by a better product with more advanced technology.
Define functional obsolescence
When a product wears out, deteriorates or breaks down after a certain amount of time and parts can’t be replaced, or it isn’t worth repairing.
Some manufacturers may plan for this when making a product to force consumers to buy a replacement, leading to more profit.
Define ergonomics
The application on scientific information about the interaction and relationship of humans to the design of objects.
Why is ergonomics important?
Ergonomics is an important consideration in product design to ensure the product fits the person, reduces the risk of injury or fatigue and improves performance.
What are the steps in risk management?
- Identify hazards
- Assess risks- what harm could occur and the likelihood
- Control hazards and risks
- Check controls- are implemented controls working as planned and effective?
What are the scales of production/ manufacturing?
- One off
- Low volume
- Mass production
What are the 2 types of low volume production?
- Job lot (low number)
2. Batch production (a specific number)
What are the 2 types of mass production?
- Continuous
2. Production/assembly line
What are the systems of manufacturing?
- Lean
- Just in time
- Agile
What is lean manufacturing?
Try to produce as little waste as possible in time, labour, materials and processes.
What is the difference between effective and efficient?
Effective is about products being adequate to accomplish a purpose/ produce the expected result.
Efficient is about performing/ functioning in the best possible manner with the least waste of time and effort.
Name the stages of the product development process
- Identifying a need and defining the product concept
- Product design, planning and prototype
- Production and distribution
- Retail and consumer use
- Product evaluation and modification
Research, analysis and review takes place throughout the process
Name the stages of the LCA
- Raw material extraction
- Material processing and shipping
- Product manufacture and packaging
- Product shipping
- Product use
- Product disposal/recycling
Name some qualitative methods of evaluating a product
Market research, user trials, expert appraisal
Name some quantitative methods of evaluating a product
Sales and returns, user trials, testing
