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MS II > Exam 6: Thoracic Spine (1-4) > Flashcards

Exam 6: Thoracic Spine (1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:

The thoracic spine has the lowest lifetime prevalence of pain

A

True

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2
Q

What percentage of the general population does Leboeuf-Yde et al estimate will have thoracic spine pain

A

13%

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3
Q

What does the growing research and evidence suggest about manipulating the thoracic spine

A

Manipulation of the tspine will bring benefits to the tspine and cspine

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4
Q

True or False:

Although clinical prediction rules are great at establishing rules, many of them have not been validated by research

A

True

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5
Q

This term can be described as the concept that seemingly unrelated impairments in a remote anatomical region may contribute to, or be associated with, the patient’s primary complaint

A

Regional Interdependence

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6
Q

The term can be described as the concept that a patient’s primary musculoskeletal symptoms may be directly or indirectly related to or influenced by impairments from various body regions and systems regardless of proximity to the primary symptoms

A

Regional Interdependence

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7
Q

The upper tspine contributes mobility to perform functional tasks to both the ____ and ____

A

cspine and thorax

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8
Q

True or False:

Restricted motion in the upper tspine will not have an effect on cspine or thorax motion

A

False

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9
Q

A study showed that analgesic effects were (immediately, progressively, never) shown in patients with mechanical neck pain after manipulation of the tspine

A

immediately

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10
Q

True or False:

PPT decreases immediately after tspine manipulation

A

False, it increases

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11
Q

Manipulation will (increase/decrease) blood flow and (sensitize/desensitize) the nerves

A

increase, desensitize

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12
Q

There is a very high prevalence that tspine pain that is not musculoskeletal related, it caused by ________

A

referred pain from visceral pathology

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13
Q

When trauma does occur to the tspine, what are the top two injuries that occur in order

A
  1. spinal cord trauma

2. Pneumothorax

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14
Q

A study suggested that when injuries of the spine occur, there had to be ______ peak forces applied and should serve as a _____ note for clinicians to decrease these peak forces

A

excessive, cautionary

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15
Q

What percent of PT schools teach TJM

A

97%

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16
Q

The (cspine/tspine/lspine) is regularly manipulated where it is clinically indicated

A

tspine

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17
Q

True or false there are sympathetic affects found in the hand when the thoracic spine is manipulated

A

True

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18
Q

What are the sympathetic affects that are found after manipulating the T spine

A

The effects are found in the hand which will make the hands warmer due to the Increase in blood flow

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19
Q

What are the four reasons why the thoracic spine is hard to treat

A

Because of the rib cage the sympathetic nervous system visceral disorders and limited research

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20
Q

Where at in the thoracic spine is painmore likely to occur at

A

The C 7 T 1 Junction or T 12 and L1 Junction

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21
Q

True or false the transitional zones in the thoracic spine are less mobile than the spinal regions after the pelvic girdle

A

False

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22
Q

Is there more bone or more disc in the thoracic spine

A

Bone

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23
Q

What can be accounted for the decrease in mobility of the thoracic spine

A

The ribs are in the way but also the 1 to 5 ratio of intravertebral disc height to vertebral body height

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24
Q

What is the primary curvature of the thoracic spine

A

30° kyphosis

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25
Q

The facet joints of the thoracic spine favor blank rotation

A

Axial 

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26
Q

What are the four things to thoracic spine supports

A

The head neck upper limbs and viscera

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27
Q

What is the thoracic spine vulnerable to

A

Growth related deformities age related osteoporosis and flexion compression fractures

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28
Q

Kyphosis will either increase or decrease with age

A

Increase

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29
Q

What can be contributed to the normal kyphosis of the t spine

A

The height of the body is slightly higher posteriorly

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30
Q

Which three vertebral bodies of the T spine do not have paired costal Demi facets that face posterior laterally/ superior and inferior

A

T 10,11 and 12

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31
Q

Is flexion or extension more limited in the thoracic spine

A

Extension

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32
Q

What motions are allowed in the mid thoracic spine

A

Mostly rotation and some flexion

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33
Q

Which vertebral bodies resemble those of L1

A

T one to T 12

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34
Q

Did the spinal processes project more or less as they go down the T spine

A

Less

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35
Q

What is the segmental variation in the rib joints

A

The heads of 2nd to 10th ribs each articulate with two vertebral bodies the heads of the first 11th and 12th ribs articulate with only one vertebral body and the 11th and 12th ribs have no Costco transverse joints

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36
Q

The first seven pairs of ribs attached directly to the blank

A

Sternum

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37
Q

The first blank pairs of ribs attached directly to the sternum

A

Seven

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38
Q

The costal cartilage is of ribs eight through 10 attach where

A

To the cartridges above

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39
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs

A

11 and 12

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40
Q

What are the shapes of the upper and lower thoracic joints

A

Upper are convex/concave

Lower are planar

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41
Q

Are the upper or lower joints accounted for the spin or rotation

A

Upper

42
Q

Are the upper or lower joints accounted for the slide or elevation in depression of ribs

A

Lower

43
Q

What condition can be described as primary sprains or irritations of the costochondral junction

A

Costochondritis

44
Q

Pain felt where is a sign of true rib pain

A

In the front of the ribs

45
Q

What are the four ligaments that make up the neural archthe T spine

A

Ligamentum flavum interspinous ligament supraspinous ligament inter-transverse ligament

46
Q

The capsular ligaments represent a bridge between what two structures of the thoracic spine

A

The neural arch ligaments in the ligaments of the vertebral bodies

47
Q

Capsular ligaments are reinforced dorsally by what

A

Multifidus

48
Q

The cats a little ligaments are reinforced eventually by what

A

Ligamentum flavum

49
Q

What are the ligaments of the vertebral bodies

A

ALL & PLL

50
Q

True or false the rotary muscles are functional muscles

A

False

51
Q

True or false the multifidus is a functional muscle

A

True

52
Q

What is the average range of motion and children that comes from the thoracic spine

A

52

53
Q

What is the average range of motion found and young adults from the thoracic spine

A

45

54
Q

True or false 3/4 of the total range of flexion is in the thoracic spine

A

False it’s only half

55
Q

What is a principal function of the thoracic spine

A

Axial rotation

56
Q

What is being measured when you measure the distance from the fingertips to the floor well trying to touch your toes

A

The range of thoracolumbar flexion

57
Q

What did the studies show that we’re done on people with and without a rib cage in the thoracic spine

A

The rib cage makes the spine twice a stiff as we would be without it

58
Q

Loadbearing capacity of the T spine is up to blank times greater with the addition of the rib cage

A

3 to 4 times greater

59
Q

What are the motions found of the thoracic vertebrae and ribs during flexion

A

The vertebrae translate and tilt forward

The ribs rotate anteriorly and inferior

60
Q

What are the motions found of the thoracic vertebrae and ribs during extension

A

The vertebral bodies translate until posteriorly and backwards in the ribs rotate superiorly and posterior 

61
Q

What are the motions of the vertebral body and ribs during lateral flexion or side bending

A

The vertebral body will translate towards the side that is side bent and also tilt towards the side that is being so I’ve bent
The ribs on the side that is being side meant to will anteriorly rotate and the opposite side will posteriorly rotate

62
Q

During rotation of the thoracic vertebrae there is coupling a rotation with blank translation and blank lateral flexion

A

Contralateral rotation and ipsilateral SB

63
Q

What are the motions of the thoracic vertebrae in ribs during rotation

A

Only rotation of the vertebral body and the ribs will posteriorly rotate towards the side that is being rotated and the opposite side will anteriorly rotate

64
Q

Which vertebrae are considered the upper T spine and what do they function as

A

T1 and T2 function as part of the lower C-spine

65
Q

Which vertebrae are considered the lower T spine and what do they function as

A

T 10 through T 12 function as part of the upper lumbar spine

66
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae are considered the functional T spine

A

T3 through T9

67
Q

Is there more difference in characteristics between the upper T spine and C-spine or between the lower teeth fine and upper lumbar

A

T spine and C-spine

68
Q

What are two common patterns of clinical presentation of T spine pain

A

Pain from loading or symptoms related to movement motion restrictions

69
Q

True or false the lower you go in the T spine the more problems you will find with loading

A

True

70
Q

Compressive loads on the T spine increase caudally from what percent body weight at T1 to what body weight at T 12

A

9% at T1 and 47% at T 12

71
Q

The thoracic spine was designed to handle increasing load demand by progressive increase in what three things

A

Vertebral body height endplate crossed sectional area and bone contact

72
Q

Some studies have reported that the annulus in the thoracic spine is stronger or weaker than cervical and lumbar

A

Stronger

73
Q

Load distribution across the surface of the end plate is blank in the lumbar spine and blank in the thoracic spine

A

Symmetrical in the lumbar but asymmetric in thoracic

74
Q

What can be affected if the mobility in the upper thoracic spine is Restricted

A

Cervical spine motion and overall motion of the thorax will be affected

75
Q

What are the clinical considerations of motion restriction in the thoracic spine

A

Motion of the cervical spine and shoulders are dependent upon normal mobility of the upper thoracic spine to flexed of an upper thoracic spine may reduce capability of muscles to provide cervicothoracic retraction to work in the functional range

76
Q

True or false a pain response to PA mobs is more reliable at detecting symptomatic segments than stiffness alone

A

True

77
Q

Osteoporosis affects men and women about a blank later

A

Decade

78
Q

What will the x-ray of a positive osteoporotic T spine look like

A

Collapsed and plates and con cavities with a loss of vertebral height

79
Q

True or false anterior osteophytes are common and can be asymptomatic

A

True

80
Q

True or false fusion of the mid thoracic vertebrae is extremely common

A

False

81
Q

Thoracic hypomobility can be aggravated by what three things

A

Breathing coughing and sneezing

82
Q

What will hypo mobility in the thoracic spine due aging look like

A

Localized posteriorly and slightly off midline on one side that slightly radiates and chest wall pain is common

83
Q

What joint might be involved in hypo mobility and aging of the thoracic spine

A

Costotransverse joint

84
Q

Are vb or discs injured more during flexion or axial compression

A

Vb

85
Q

True or false people with osteoporosis often fracture of vertebrae during extension

A

False during flexion

86
Q

List the four traumatic thoracic injuries in order from least severe to most severe

A

End plate fracture, bone bruising, wedge compression, burst fracture

87
Q

Disc Injuries are pre-dominant in blank spine and vertebral body injuries are predominant in the blanks fine

A

C t

88
Q

Are facet joints injuries common in the cervical spine or thoracic spine

A

Both

89
Q

True or false the transition zones are problematic for most people

A

True

90
Q

What are the anterior elements that can be affected inflection compression trauma of the thoracic spine

A

Burst fracture disc disruption wedge compression fracture and plate fracture and bone bruising

91
Q

Females have a blank percent lifetime risk of osteoporosis well males have blank percent

A

40 13

92
Q

Are vertebral body fractures or hip fracture is more common

A

Vertebral body fractures are twice as common as hip fractures

93
Q

Which vertebrae have the highest risk level for compression fx

A

T 11 T 12 and L1

94
Q

What is the difference between a vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty

A

A vertebroplasty insert a balloon and has forgiveness and the sponge affect whereas kyphoplasty inserts cement and there’s no more sponge effect

95
Q

True or false patience with osteoporosis are good candidates for a kyphoplasty

A

False

96
Q

True or false a kyphoplasty will not correct an established Deformity of the spine

A

True

97
Q

When is in osteoporotic compression fracture eligible for a kyphoplasty

A

Only if it occurs within eight weeks of the fracture

98
Q

Are kyphoplasty meant to prevent pain or mimic normal anatomy again

A

Prevent pain

99
Q

OK for plasty can result in an increase or decreased lung capacity

A

De

100
Q

What does the evidence say about kyphoplasty and vertebral plasty’s

A

There is no significant evidence over conservative care or placebo and there is a high evidence of fracture above and below

101
Q

True or false the medical concerns of kyphoplasty’s are well known

A

False

102
Q

True or false US insurance may not cover kyphoplasty or vertebral plasty’s

A

True

MS II (14 decks)

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