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MS II > Exam 2: Manual Therapy > Flashcards

Exam 2: Manual Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What did Aristotle say about pain

A

It is the “Passion of the soul”

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2
Q

What did Hippocrates say about pain

A

It is from a “Fluid Imbalance”

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3
Q

What did the era prior to the Renaissance say about pain

A

It is a “Punishment form God”

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4
Q

What did Chinese medicine say about pain 3000 years ago

A

Ying and Yang

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5
Q

True or False:

Manual therapy is as old as mankind

A

true

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6
Q

____ ____ is concerned with the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction by the application of primary physical modalities incorporating mobilization and manipulation, exercise, traction, and massage.

A

Manual Therapy

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7
Q

Manual therapy is concerned with the ____ and _____ of the musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction by the application of ____ ____ modalities incorporating mobilization, manipulation, exercise, traction and massage

A

Prevention
treatment
primary physical

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8
Q

True or False:

Mobilization and manipulation can be used interchangeably

A

False

Dr. Cox prefers to use the term HBLA to describe true thrust manipulations

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9
Q

Spinal (manipulation/mobilization) is dependent on speed, therefor the patient cannot stop the movement

A

manipulation

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10
Q

Spinal (manipulation/mobilization) is dependent on oscillations and varying amplitudes, there for a patient can stop the movement

A

mobilization

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of spinal manipulation that differs it from being a spinal mobilization

A

Speed

Patient cannot stop the movement

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of spinal mobilization that differs it from being a spinal manipulation

A

Oscillations and varying amplitudes

Patient can stop the movement

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13
Q

During spinal manipulations (force/speed) is more important

A

speed

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14
Q

Bone setters, ____, and surgeons carried on traditions of manual therapy from the middle ages into the modern age

A

barbers

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15
Q

Where was osteopathic medicine invented

A

Kirksville, MO

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16
Q

Dr. Andrew Taylor Still was a doctor of (PT/Osteopathy/Chiropractic) and a surgeon in the civil war

A

Osteopathy

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17
Q

Who founded the American Osteopathic School of Medicine in 1892

A

Andrew Taylor Still

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18
Q

Dr. DD Palmer was a doctor of (PT/Osteopathy/Chiropractic)

A

Chiropractic

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19
Q

Which Dr. of Chiropractic was born in Canada and had an interest in magnetic healing, osteopathy, and spiritualism

A

DD palmer

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20
Q

Which state was chiropractic started in

A

iowa

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21
Q

Dr. Bartlett Joshua Palmer is a doctor of (PT/Osteopathy/Chiropractic)

A

Chiropractic

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22
Q

Which doctor of chiropractic bought the Palmer College from his father

A

Bartlett joshua palmer

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23
Q

Physical therapists were trained and incorporated Dr. _____ manipulation during WWI by a Miss Randall

A

Mennell’s

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24
Q

When was the APTA formed

A

1921

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25
Q

Who is considered to be the founder of PT

A

Mary McMillan

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26
Q

Who wrote the 4 branches of physiotherapy

A

Mary McMillan

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27
Q

What are the four branches of physiotherapy written by Mary McMillan

A
  1. Manipulation of joints and muscles
  2. Therapeutic exercise
  3. Electrotherapy
  4. Hydrotherapy
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28
Q

Which doctor focused on back and joint pain and defined joint dysfunction and joint play which cannot be produced by the action of voluntary muscles

A

John Mennell

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29
Q

True or False

According to John Mennell, joint dysfunction and joint play can be produced by the action of voluntary muscles

A

False, it cannot be due to the action of voluntary muscles

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30
Q

Robin McKenzie would argue that anytime symptoms move closer to the spine is it considered (centralization/peripheralization) and if it moves away from the spine it is (centralization/peripheralization)

A

centralization; peripheralization

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31
Q

McKenzie would say the moving pain from (centralization/peripheralization) to (centralization/peripheralization) is best

A

want to move from peripheralization to centralization

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32
Q

Why did some PT’s decide to become DC’s?

A

Because DC’s (doctor of chiropractic) were the only ones that were allowed to manipulate

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33
Q

Put in order from greatest to least amount of doctors in the US
(PT, DC, DO)

A
  1. PT
  2. DO
  3. DC
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34
Q

List the history of doctors and how we got to PT today from oldest to most recent

(Alan Stoddard DO, James Cyriax MD, Me, IFOMPT/AAOMPT established, John Mennell, and Geof Maitland)

A 
James Cyriax MD
John Mennell
Alan Stoddard DO
Geoff Maitland PT
IFOMPT/AAOMPT established
Me
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35
Q

What are the three mechansims of manual therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Neurophysiological
  3. Placebo
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36
Q

In conclusion of the pain gate control theory, local (ventral/dorsal) horn mediated (excitation/inhibition) of C fibers input is a potential hypoalgesic mechanism of spinal manipulation for asymptomatic patients

A

dorsal; inhibition

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37
Q

Rubbing your elbow after bumping it on something is an example of what

A

the pain gate control theory and inhibiting C fibers

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38
Q

Manual therapy can act as an immediate ____ in the lumbar spine following mobilizations and can be an immediate ____ in the thoracic spine.

A

hypoalgesia; anagelsic

39
Q

Manual therapy can increase ___ ___ which is needed for desensitizing nerves

A

blood flow

40
Q

Manual therapy can increase blood flow which is needed for ____ nerves

A

desensitizing

41
Q

Placebos are shown to have a ___ effect on pain

A

robust

42
Q

Placebos are shown to have what 3 biological effects

A

changes in CNS activation, opioid pathways, and dopamine production

43
Q

Placebos are show to have what 3 psychological responses

A

Expectation of benefit, conditioning/learning effect, negative effect

44
Q

Manual therapy at the ___ can have a neuromuscular effect on shoulder pain

A

neck

45
Q

Manual therapy at the ___ can have a neuromuscular effect on bicep contractions

A

neck

46
Q

Manual therapy at the ___ can have a neuromuscular effect on shoulder impingement

A

neck

47
Q

Manual therapy at the ___ can have a neuromuscular effect on quadricep contractions

A

lumbar spine

48
Q

Doing PT first over other interventions and health care profession can save a lot of ___ and ___.

A

time and money

49
Q

Without sound clinical reasoning, therapists become _____

A

technicians

50
Q

State what clinical patterns include

A

Syndromes, predisposing factors, precautions, “if….then..” statements, and prognosis

51
Q

What are 4 common errors in clinical reasoning

A
  1. Overemphasizing findings
  2. Misinterpreting info as confirming hypothesis
  3. Ignoring favoring info
  4. Incorrect interpretations
52
Q

What term is defined as an awareness and ability to think about your thinking

A

metacognition

53
Q

Metacognition requires ____ in action and ____ in action.

A

knowing; reflection

54
Q

Clinical reasoning is the application of ____ ____ and clinical ____ to patient management on an ____ level

A

relevant knowledge; skills; individual

55
Q

What individual should we tie with the 4 questions that patients want to know

A

Louis Gifford

56
Q

According to Louis Gifford, what are the four questions patients want to know

A
  1. What is wrong with me
  2. How long will it take
  3. What can I (the patient) do for it
  4. What can you (the clinician) do for it
57
Q

What are the 7 categories of reasoning

A
  1. Sources
  2. Prognosis
  3. Management
  4. Pathobiology
  5. Contributing factors
  6. Dysfunction
  7. Precautions
58
Q

“Find it and fix it” falls under which category of reasoning

A

sources

59
Q

Finding a source of pain is (easier/harder) for acute conditions and (easier/harder) for widespread pain

A

easier; harder

60
Q

“despite the pain” falls under which category of reasoning

A

prognosis

61
Q

If you only focus on pain, you’re likely to have a (good/poor) prognosis. We should focus on ____.

A

poor; function

62
Q

Finding “THE ANSWER” falls under which category of reasoning

A

management

63
Q

True or False:

No single profession or approach has “THE ANSWER”

A

true

64
Q

The more (simple/complex) the pain, the more likely a multidisciplinary approach is needed

A

complex

65
Q

Outputs, inputs, and processing falls under which category of reasoning

A

pathobiology

66
Q

Pain, action programs, and stress regulations are (inputs/outputs/processing via neuromatrix)

A

outputs

67
Q

Tissue sampling and environment are (inputs/outputs/processing via neuromatrix)

A

inputs

68
Q

Sensory and cognitive experience/attention are (inputs/outputs/processing via neuromatrix)

A

processing via neuromatrix

69
Q

Nociception and peripheral nerves are (inputs/outputs/processing via neuromatrix)

A

input dominant

70
Q

Input dominant pain is easy to treat with knowledge of ____ and ____.

A

tissues and neurodynamics

71
Q

CNS, brain, central sensitization, hyperalgesia, and allodynia are (inputs/outputs/processing via neuromatrix)

A

processing dominant

72
Q

Yellow flags fall under which category of reasoning

A

contributing factors

73
Q

The reason why a patient comes to see a PT falls under which category of reasoning

A

dysfunction

74
Q

Safety concerns and awareness falls under which category of reasoning

A

precautions

75
Q

Clinical reasoning is (simple/complex),
Needs ____,
and is (less/more) important than treatment itself, and is essential to expert clinicians.

A

complex
practice
more

76
Q

What is the central theme of the Maitland concept

A

empathy

77
Q

True or False:

The maitland concept can be used when using any treatment paradig

A

true

78
Q

According to the Matiland concept, what is the biggest problem in treatment

A

The lack of understanding why the technique is being used and its effect, so the technique becomes less important

79
Q

What is the most important part of the maitland concept

A

the assessment

80
Q

The assessment is ____ because it happens before, during, and after treatmet

A

continuous

81
Q

True or False

Document EVERYTHING

A

true

82
Q

What term is defined as objective measures

A

sign

83
Q

What term is defined as patient subjective reporting

A

symptoms

84
Q

What term is defined as active or passive movement of joint

A

physiological movement

85
Q

What term is defined as spin, roll, and glide of the articular surfaces necessary for normal physiological movement

A

accessory movement

86
Q

What term is defined as measurements of progress that are easily identifiable

A

comparative signs

87
Q

What term is defined as end ROM with overpressure not eliciting symptoms

A

clear

88
Q

When should there be NO indication for mobs or manipulation

A

if the pain is not within the spine or joint

89
Q

True or False:

Age is a contraindication for manipulation

A

false, it is not

90
Q

Some of the best results for mobs are seen in ____ patiens

A

elderly

91
Q

Never force through ____ ____, find the cause of it first.

A

muscle spasms

92
Q

If mobs are not producing a result, what do you do next

A

Then mobs are not indicated. If other treatment is not working, send them back to the doctors

93
Q

Be careful with (acute/chronic) pain because it is complex and warrants a healthy respect and knowledge

A

chronic

94
Q

Always be careful when treating ___ patients because of their pain response, healing time, and ability to express pain

A

young

MS II (14 decks)

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