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MS II > Exam 1: Hip and Pelvis > Flashcards

Exam 1: Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four design considerations of the hip

A
  1. Stability in the upright position
  2. Ability to raise and control trunk
  3. Ability to balance on one leg
  4. Walk with feet underneath body
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2
Q

What direction does the acetabulum face?

A

laterally, anteriorly, and inferiorly

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3
Q

What direction does the head of the femur face?

A

anteriorly, medially, and superiorly

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4
Q

What is wolff’s law

A

The body will adapt based on the stresses placed on it

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the alignment of trabecula?

A

They are aligned depending on stress and tension to provide maximum strength and a base for the femoral head and acetabulum.

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6
Q

The (shoulder/hip) is a weight bearing joint

A

hip

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7
Q

What type of joint is the hip

A

ball and socket joints

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8
Q

The (shoulder/hip) has a deeper socket

A

hip. the acetabulum is deeper than the glenoid

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9
Q

The (shoulder/hip) has more bony support

A

hip

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10
Q

The (shoulder/hip) is designed for mobility and the (shoulder/hip) is designed for stability/larger forces

A

shoulder; hip

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11
Q

What is the max ROM and functional ROM of flexion and extension of the hip

A

Max: 140
Functional: 50-60

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12
Q

What is the max ROM of adduction and abduction of the hip

A

75

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13
Q

__ - __ times a person’s body weight is placed through the hip with functional activities

A

1.8-4.3

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14
Q

One legged stance places __-__ times the person’s BW on the femoral head

A

5-6

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15
Q

When is the highest load placed on the hip

A

when ascending stairs

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16
Q

What is the closed pack position of the hip

A

Combined extension, internal rotation, and adduction

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17
Q

What is the open packed position of the hip

A

30 degrees of flexion, 30 degrees of abduction, slight ER

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18
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the hip

A

gross limitation of flexion, IR, and some abduction

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19
Q

Should distraction of the hip be done in the open packed or closed pack position and why

A

open packed, because if you distract in the closed pack, it will be felt more in the lumbar spine and can be used to relieve back pain

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20
Q

What three bones form the acetabulum

A

ilium, ischium, and pubic bones

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21
Q

How is the acetabulum reinforced?

A

It is covered with articular cartilage called a labrum

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22
Q

What is the name of the ligament to the head of the femur and what is its significance

A

The ligamentum teres will tear if the hip is dislocated, which can cause avascular necrosis

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23
Q

The femoral head and acetabulum have (small/large) amounts of trabecular bone

A

large

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24
Q

Approximately __% of the head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum

A

70

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25
Q

What is the normal angle of inclination

A

125

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26
Q

What degree of angulation causes coxa vara

A

less than 120

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27
Q

What degree of angulation causes coxa valga

A

greater than 135

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28
Q

coxa (vara/valga) shortens the limb and leads to genu valgum or knocked knees

A

vara

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29
Q

Coxa vara increases the effectiveness of the ____, reduces the load on the femoral ___ and increases the load of the femoral ___.

A

abductors, head, neck

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30
Q

A person with coxa vara will (supinate/pronate) more

A

pronate

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31
Q

A person with coxa ___ is more likely to fracture a hip

A

vara

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32
Q

coxa (vara/valga) lengthens the limb and leads to genu varum or bow legged

A

valga

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33
Q

coxa valga reduces the effectiveness on the ____, increases the load on the femoral ___, and reduces the load on the femoral ____

A

abductors, head, neck

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34
Q

What is the normal angle of torsion

A

8-15

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35
Q

A decreased angle of torsion is known as

A

retroversion or duck feet

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36
Q

An increased angle of torsion is known as

A

anteversion or pigeon toes

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37
Q

Where does the hip joint capsule attach too

A

the entire periphery of the acetabulum and the femoral neck

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38
Q

What were the results of Kapandji and the piriformis

A

The piriformis is stretched or “the function of the piriformis is inversed” when the hip is flexed 60 degrees or more because of its higher attachment on the GT and sacrum than other ER’s

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39
Q

Why is there a percentage of patients who develop neurodynamic dysfunction with dysfunction of gluteal muscles

A

It is due to the close proximity of the sciatic nerve to the intrinsic hip ERs and the hamstrings

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40
Q

__% of patients with hamstring strains develop adverse Neurodynamics

A

50

41
Q

50% of patients with hamstring strains develop adverse _____

A

neurodynamics

42
Q

What is normal ROM for hip flexion and what is needed for normal gait

A

ROM: 120
Gait: 40-60

43
Q

What is the end feel of hip flexion

A

soft - tissue approximation

44
Q

What are the primary movers for hip flexion

A

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius

45
Q

Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and sartorius are the primary movers for hip ____

A

flexion

46
Q

Which two muscle groups are affected by knee positions during hip flexion. State whether the movement is active or passive

A

Active by rectus femoris

Passive by hamstring restriction

47
Q

What is normal ROM for hip extension and what is needed for normal gait

A

ROM: 10-20
Gait: 15-20

48
Q

What is the end feel for hip extension

A

firm - capsular

49
Q

gluteus maximus and hamstrings are the primary movers for hip ____

A

extension

50
Q

What are the primary movers for hip extension

A

gluteus maximus and hamstrings

51
Q

Which two muscle groups are affected by knee positions during hip extension. State whether the movement is active or passive

A

active by hamstrings

passive by rectus femoris

52
Q

What is normal ROM for hip abduction and what is needed for gait

A

ROM: 45
Gait: 7

53
Q

What is the end feel for hip abduction

A

firm - capsular

54
Q

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus are the primary movers for hip ____

A

abduction

55
Q

what are the primary movers for hip abduction

A

glute medius and minimus

56
Q

What is normal ROM for hip adduction and what is needed for gait

A

ROM: 30
Gait: 5

57
Q

What is the end feel for hip adduction

A

firm - capsular

58
Q

The adductor longus, magnus, and brevis are primary movers of hip ____.

A

adduction

59
Q

What are the primary movers of hip adduction

A

Adductor longus, magnus, and brevis

60
Q

What is normal ROM for hip ER and what is needed for gait

A

ROM: 45-50
Gait: 9

61
Q

What is the end feel for hip external rotation

A

firm - capsular

62
Q

The sartorius, glute maximus, posterior fibers of glute medius, and six ER’s are the primary movers of hip ___.

A

external rotation

63
Q

What are the 9 primary movers for hip external rotation (Hint: there’s 6 ER’s)

A

piriformis, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, obturator internus, obturator externus, Quadratus femoris, sartorius, gluteus maximus, and posterior fibers of glute medius

64
Q

What is normal ROM for hip IR and what is needed for gait

A

ROM: 45
Gait: 4

65
Q

What is the end feel for hip IR

A

firm - capsular

66
Q

The adductor longus, magnus and brevis as well as gluteus medius, and minimus are primary movers for hip ____

A

IR

67
Q

What are the primary movers for hip internal rotation

A

adductor longus, magnus, and brevis

Glute med and min

68
Q

What direction of mob would you perform to improve flexion

A

posterior/dorsal

69
Q

What direction of mob would you perform to improve extension

A

anterior/ventral

70
Q

What direction of mob would you perform to improve abduction

A

inferior/caudal

71
Q

What direction of mob would you perform to improve adduction

A

lateral

72
Q

What direction of mob would you perform to improve IR

A

posterior and lateral

73
Q

What direction of mob would you perform to improve ER

A

anterior

74
Q

True or False:

Performing flexion and extension mobs also give you affects to IR and ER

A

true, this means that rotation mobs aren’t really done in isolation

75
Q

Which muscles control the ability to balance on one leg

A

glute med and min

76
Q

What causes trendelenburg gait

A

weak glute med and min

77
Q

Extension of the hip tends to (laterally/medially) rotate the femur so (lateral/medial) rotators need to neutralize this effect

A

laterally; medial

78
Q

True or False:

IR is performed against resistance because of its muscular support

A

False, it doesn’t have a lot of support so it is not tested against resistance

79
Q

Are medial or lateral rotators weaker

A

medial

80
Q

What are four assisting muscles of hip IR

A

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, TFL, and hip adductors

81
Q

ER is a natural movement in gait to accommodate ___ ___

A

pelvic rotation

82
Q

What age group is likely to be diagnosed with congenital dislocations or septic arthritis

A

0-2

83
Q

What age group is likely to be diagnosed with LCPD

A

4-8

84
Q

What age group is likely to be diagnosed with SCFE or apophysitis

A

9-15

85
Q

What age group is likely to be diagnosed with osteochondritis dissecans, overuse injuries, strains, or osteitis pubis

A

14-25

86
Q

What age group is likely to be diagnosed with RA or AVN

A

30-50

87
Q

What age group is likely to be diagnosed with DJD and hip fractures

A

55+

88
Q

What are the movements of the pelvis

A

anterior/posterior tilt
left and right lateral tilt
left and right rotation

89
Q

State the position of the spinal joints and hip joints with an anterior tilt of the pelvis

A

Spine: hyperextension
Hip: slight flexion

90
Q

State the position of the spinal joints and hip joints with a posterior tilt

A

Spine: slight flexion
Hip: complete extension

91
Q

State the position of the spinal joints and hip joints with a lateral left tilt

A

Spine: slight lateral flexion to the right
R Hip: ADD
L Hip: ABD

92
Q

State the position of the spinal joints and hip joints with a lateral right tilt

A

Spine: slight lateral flexion to the left
R Hip: ABD
L Hip: ADD

93
Q

State the position of the spinal joints and hip joints with a rotation to the left

A

Spine: right rotation
R Hip: slight ER
L Hip: slight IR

94
Q

State the position of the spinal joints and hip joints with a rotation to the right

A

Spine: left rotation
R Hip: slight IR
L Hip: slight ER

95
Q

If the spine is flexed, the pelvis is ___ ___

A

posteriorly rotated

96
Q

If the spine is hyperextended, the pelvis is ___ ___

A

anteriorly tilted

97
Q

If the spine is lateral flexed to the left, the pelvis is laterally tilted to the ___

A

left

98
Q

If the spine is rotated to the left, the pelvis is rotated to the ___

A

left

MS II (14 decks)

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