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MS II > Exam 1: Hip and Pelvis > Flashcards

Exam 1: Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What are three goals of fracture treatment

A
  1. Restore and heal fx to optimal functional state
  2. Prevent complications
  3. Rehab as early as possible
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2
Q

What are the 4 different treatment options for a hip facture

A

ORIF
arthroplasty
hemiarthroplasty
non-surgical

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3
Q

What type of treatment would you expect to see for a fracture of the femoral head or neck

A

arthroplasty

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4
Q

What type of treatment would you expect to see for a fracture of the femoral head only

A

hemiarthroplasty

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5
Q

If a non surgical approach to a hip fracture is done, what interventions will be done

A

Buck’s traction which is skeletal traction followed by the use of a cast brace

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6
Q

What does rehab look like operative vs non-operative for a hip fracture

A

op: rapid

non; slow

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7
Q

What is the risk of joint stiffness operative vs non-operative for a hip fracture

A

op: low
non: present

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8
Q

What is the risk of a mal-union operative vs non-operative for a hip fracture

A

op: low
non: present

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9
Q

What is the risk of non-union operative vs non-operative for a hip fracture

A

op: present
non: present

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10
Q

What is the speed of healing operative vs non-operative for a hip fracture

A

op: slow
non: rapid

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11
Q

What is the risk of infection operative vs non-operative for a hip fracture

A

op: present
non: low

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12
Q

Clinically, when is a fx of the upper limb of a child healed

A

3-4 weeks

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13
Q

Clinically, when is a fx of the upper limb of an adult healed

A

6-8 weeks

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14
Q

Clinically, when is a fx of the lower limb of a child healed

A

6-8 weeks

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15
Q

Clinically, when is a fx of the lower limb of an adult healed

A

12-16 weeks

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16
Q

Radiologically, when is a fracture considered healed

A

when a bridging callus formation occurs which signals remodeling

17
Q

Biomechanically, when is a fracture considered healed

A

when there is a complete bony union

18
Q

The (superficial/deep) branch of the femoral artery terminates at the ____ fossa

A

deep, popliteal

19
Q

What are the advantages of external fixation

A
  1. minimal blood loss
  2. Early ambulation and exercise
  3. Easy access for wound care
20
Q

What is the disadvantage of external fixation

A

infection of hardware can lead to osteomyelitis

21
Q

What are the symptoms of osteomyelitis and how is it treated

A

fever, swelling, erythema

may require IV antibiotics for weeks

22
Q

What are typical MOI’s for pelvic fractures

A

compression/blunt force, high speed collision, falls, and direct blows

23
Q

What are the two most common injury sites of a pelvic fx

A

anterior pubis and anterior ischium

24
Q

What are 5 possible sequela from pelvic fractures

A
  1. Rupture of femoral artery
  2. Nerve damage to sacral plexus
  3. Sacroiliac pain
  4. Hip joint disruption
  5. damage to genitourinary structures
25
Q

A _____ is when the ball of the femur is replaced with a prosthesis

A

hemi-arthroplasty

26
Q

It is estimated by age 80, ___% of women will fx a hip

A

20

27
Q

By age ___, 20% of women will fx a hip

A

80

28
Q

___ ___ causes the greatest number of deaths and lead to the most severe health problems and reduced quality of life

A

hip fractures

29
Q

Most patients with a hip fx are hospitalized for about ___ ___. Up to 25% of older adults remain institutionalized for at least ___ ___.

A

1 week; 1 year

30
Q

What are common MOI’s for hip fx

A

compression trauma, direct lateral impact to the hip during a collision or fall

31
Q

What are the three most common sites of injury of a hip fx

A

neck of femur, intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric

32
Q

What are the associated risks of a hip fx

A

soft tissue damage, and hemorrhage

33
Q

What are the associated risks of a pelvic fx

A

damage to blood vessels and organs that could result in peritonitis, sepsis, infection, hemorrhage, and shock

34
Q

Hip fx occur in the ___ of the femur and are usually due to a decrease in ___ ___ ___.

A

neck; bone mineral density

35
Q

True or False:

Blood supply to the head of the femur is not compromised during a hip fx

A

false, it is because the head is intracapsular

36
Q

(the majority/very few) patients return to full mobility following a fx of the femoral neck

A

very few

37
Q

What type of fx is very common in the elderly

A

subcapital fracture

38
Q

how is a subcaptial fx treated

A

with pinning or partial hip replacement

39
Q

Why are subcapital fractures complicated in the young

A

due to the force required to fracture and can lead to AVN

MS II (14 decks)

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