Exam 6 Flashcards
What are some qualities that a behavior must have in order to be classified as a Problem Behavior?
- The behavior results in Physical Harm to child or others
- The behavior Interferes with child’s Ability to Learn or Participate in Daily Activities
- The behavior Disrupts Classroom Activities
- Context matters (yelling at church vs. chiefs game)
What are some examples of Problem behavior?
- Aggression
- Property Destruction
- SIB
What quality makes a Consequence most effective?
Immediacy
What is an example of changing/influencing a behavior through Environmental Manipulations?
Teacher presents a demand to student
- Student sticks tongue out at teacher
- Teacher laughs (reinforcing the bx)
Why do Problem Behaviors Occur?
Behavior is reinforced (conduct FA to find reinforcer)
- Social Reinforcement
- Non-Social Reinforcement (Automatic)
- Child is Deprived of reinforcement (establishing MO)
- Child does not have skill set to acquire other available sources of reinforcement.
What are some influences that might influence a behavior?
Changes in Family Structure (divorce, dad moves)
Traumatic events
Sleep/food deprivation
What is the process of Determining the Causes of Behavior?
Choose a Target Behavior
- Begin by targeting 1 or 2 behaviors
- Choose behaviors that are most problematic
- Write Behavioral Objectives for reduction
Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) – Either:
- Indirect Assessment (interviews, rating scales)
- Descriptive Assessment (analysis/observation of bx and environmental influences as it is happening)
- Experimental (functional) Analysis (observe bx under test vs control conditions while Manipulating antecedents and consequences [test conditions = IV])
What are the different types of Functional Behavior Assessments? (FBA)
Indirect Assessment
Descriptive Assessment (most common)
- Observe and record Antecedents and Consequences surrounding problem behavior
Functional Analysis (experiment method)
- Manipulate Antecedents and Consequences surrounding problem behavior
Give some examples of Treatment Strategies for Problem Behavior in Behavior Management-
- Eliminate/Alter the Antecedent event, decreasing motivation to engage in problem behavior.
- Put the behavior on Extinction
- Use Differential Reinforcement (identify replacement behavior)
Give some examples of Antecedent Strategies in behavior management-
Supervise closely and Intervene when you see Precursors.
Use Redirection following the Precursors:
- Encourage engagement in different activity.
Eliminate Motivation:
- Provide Choices
- Interact Frequently
- Shorten tasks
Examples of Consequence Strategies in Behavior Management
Extinction:
- Be ready for Extinction Burst
- Importance of Consistency
- Always combine with Reinforcement (differential)
Reinforce Alternative Behaviors:
- Teach Manding (break, item, attention, etc.)
Timeout: (negative punishment: removing opportunity for reinforcement)
- Keep Brief (delay termination of TO if PB occurs)
- Inclusionary vs. Exclusionary
- Only effective if Time-In is Reinforcing
What differentiates Anxiety from a Phobia?
Anxiety:
- Expressed by Intense Avoidance
- Physiological responses: increased heart rate, perspiration, adrenaline.
Phobia:
- Fear focused on specific objects, people, animals, or situations.
Potentially relevant situations/objects:
- Animals
- Darkness
- Fire
- Heights
When is Anxiety Maladaptive?
- When it Occurs Frequently
- Is ongoing
- Overly Severe
- Interferes with Participation
How can Parents/Teachers help children with Anxiety?
- Being aware of How child Acts when anxious
- Implementing best-practice strategies
How can you Collect Data on Anxious Behaviors?
Verbal Statements:
- “I don’t like it” “I’m scared”
Direct Observation:
- Avoidance Behaviors
- Approach Behaviors (approaching with caution)
- Physiological Responses (“why is Chase so sweaty!?”)
How can you Treat Anxiety?
- General approach is CBT
- Regulated Breathing
- Systematic Desensitization (bits at a time)
What are some healthy Mealtime Practices?
- Make the routine Predicable. Consistency is key.
- Children should eat Together
- Teachers should eat With Children
- Family Style Meals
What are some examples of different Causes of Feeding Problems?
Anatomy and Physiology
- Facial deformities (cleft palate)
- Hypotonia
- Problems with the Tongue
Environment
- Lack of Opportunities to Practice
- Limited Variety
- Pica
Pediatric Feeding Disorders-
Anorexia and Bulimia are Eating disorders, not Feeding disorders.
- Food Selectivity (picky eater) leads to insufficient variety
- Dysphasia (swallowing/chewing in wrong order)
- Slow/Rapid eating (Tanya)
What is the General Procedure in the Functional Analysis of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior?
- about 10 minutes
- Bites presented in 30 second increments
- Praise child when bite is accepted
What are some Behavior examples that are problematic during Mealtime?
- Batting Spoon
- Throwing food
- SIB
What are some Treatment Strategies for Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior?
Family Based Interventions (mostly antecedent manipulations- structured mealtimes, meal-prep participation)
Discrimination Training (appropriate/inappropriate, edible/inedible)
High-Probability Response Sequence (behavioral momentum)
Reinforcement (deliver preferred items for consumption of non-preferred foods)
How do you know when a child is “Toileting Ready?”
Things to Assess:
- Bladder Control
- Physical Readiness
- Instructional Readiness
