Exam 5 Flashcards
Motor Development is an interaction between what?
Biology and Experience
Can the age at which development occurs be modified?
Yes
What are the components of Motor Development?
- Body Control
- Manual Control
- Sensory-Perceptual Development (perception of the environment influencing your bx)
What are some examples of ways to Facilitate Motor Development?
- Provide an Environment with opportunities for variety of motor experiences.
- Present Developmentally appropriate materials
- Arrange experiences to come into contact with Natural Consequences.
- Use Modeling and Prompting
What are some Activities that Encourage Motor Development?
- Outdoor play: bikes, climbing, chalk
- Manipulatives: beads, books, puzzles
- Sensory activities: water or sand table
- Daily routines: eating, brushing teeth (ADLs)
What are some Activities Designed to Enhance Motor Development?
- Problem Solving / Creative Development
- Sharing
- Language Development
- Learning about content/concepts
What approach should be used for teaching Math and Science?
Direct Hands-On exploration and opportunities for Discovery.
What are the General Strategies for Concept Development?
- Focus on Readiness skills for young children
- Focus on Process, Problem Solving, Critical Thinking
- Expose children to Variety of examples to promote Generalization.
- Provide Enjoyable activities to Maintain Interest.
What are some Qualities that are also learned when learning Mathematical Skills?
- Problem Solving
- Communication
- Reasoning
- Connections
What aspects of Problem Solving might a child learning when learning Math?
- Predicting Outcomes
- What is Missing?
- What Comes Next?
What aspects of Communication might a child learning when learning Math?
- Measurement
- Descriptions/models
- More/less
What aspects of Reasoning might a child learning when learning Math?
- Making Predictions
- Justifying Answers
What aspects of making Connections might a child learning when learning Math?
- Numerals vs. Quantity
- Relation to everyday activities
What is some of the Mathematical Content that a child may learn?
- Estimation
- Concepts of Whole Number Operations
- Whole number Computation
- Measurement
- Statistics and Probability
- Patterns and Relationships
What are some Activities to Develop Math and Science skills?
- Provide Direct Experience
- Collect items
- Gather information to make Predictions
- Classify and Organize Everyday items
What is the General Approach to Teaching Math and Science?
Hands-On-Discovery
What two factors are interacting to develop language?
Biology and Environment
What are the different theories of Language Development?
- Nativist Approach
- Constructivist Approach
- Behaviorist Approach
Explain the Nativist Approach Theory to language development-
-Biological Predisposition of being human (innate)
Explain the Constructivist Approach Theory to language development-
Language and cognition are interactive
Explain the Behaviorist Approach Theory to language development-
- Language is mediated by listener
- Based on Purpose of words (function of words- going over ‘there.’ That is ‘theirs.’ etc.)
What different factors play into Language Structure?
- Semantics: Meaning of the word in the context of the sentence.
- Morphology: Tense, plurals, possessive (learning to modify words based on context)
- Syntax: Rules of grammar (sentence structure)
- Pragmatics: Social rules (word choice = audience dependent)
What are the different Functions of Language? (Skinner’s Verbal Operants)
- Echoic
- Mand: Motivated internally (EO), reinforced by access. . No prompt needed; just says “apple” after EO, gets apple=reinforced.
- Tact: Stimulus is the antecedent, Pos. reinforcement by Attention “Labeling.” Sees apple, “apple,” reinforced by praise.
- Intraverbal: VB by someone else is antecedent, Pos. reinforced by attention. “What did you eat?” “Apple.”
What mode of instruction does Language learning require?
Direct Instruction
What are the different Approaches to Language Instruction?
Whole Language:
- Provide a rich environment.
- No language instruction or teaching is needed.
Direct Language Approach:
- Break language into component skills and teach.
- Teaching can be done with ongoing activities
NAEYC recommends a Combination.
When do we know that children Understand the Meaning of words?
When they begin to Discriminate certain words with certain objects.
How do we learn the Meaning of Words?
Discrimination Training.
What is Discrimination Training?
- Alteration between Two Stimuli
- Opportunity to respond in the presence of Both
- Reinforcement received for responding to correct stimuli
What are the different Topographies of Language?
- Expressive: Speaker behavior. Act of communication with the other person.
- Receptive: Listener behavior. Understanding what someone else is communicating.
What are the stages of Expressive Language Development?
- Early weeks: throaty vowel sounds
- 6 months: combining consonants and vowels
- 1 year: 2-word phrases
- 2 years: questions and expanded vocabulary
- 4 years: fluent, understandable speech
What are the stages of Receptive Language Development?
- Birth: react to sounds
- 3 months: smile when hearing familiar voices
- 1-2 years:
- follow simple commands
- point to pictures
- understand simple questions
What are some examples of Social Nuances of Language?
Social Mores: General customs practiced by a particular group of people.
American Mores-
- Making eye contact - Listening to speaker with intent - Using appropriate transition words (transitioning from sentence-sentence, topic-topic)
What are some Strategies for Promoting Language?
- Provide a Variety of Materials
- Model appropriate language frequently
- Break language down into Teachable Components
- Prompt child language when appropriate
- Reinforce language use
- Provide alternative means of communication
What is EIBI?
Early Intervention guidelines-
- Early: before 5 years old
- Intensive: many hours of specific treatment
- Behavioral: use of ABA
- Intervention: Active implementation of Treatment
Suspecting a Delay in child’s Development? What are the necessary steps?
- Rule out Medical or other Organic Causes (deafness, vocal cord damage, poor vision)
- Assessment:
- Standardized testing
- Questionnaire
You suspect that one of your students has a language delay. You have already ruled out medical causes. What should you do next?
Conduct an Assessment
- Standardized tests
- Language development survey
T/F: Social development is as important as academic development
True
What are some examples of Social Development topics?
- Social-Emotional Development
- Typical Progression of Socialization
What is each describing?
(Curriculum, Unit, Lesson Plan)
- The working documents from which the daily program is ran, specifying directions for activities.
- Overall master plan of the early childhood program, reflecting its philosophy; into which specific activities are fit.
- Brings broad outlines down to a manageable size and provide unifying themes around which activities are planned.
- Lesson Plan
- Curriculum
- Unit
What are the Defining Features of Inclusion?
- Access: wide range of activities
- Participation: promote engagement and sense of belonging
- Supports: incentives, professional development
What are some Strategies of Inclusion of children with Developmental Delays?
- Simplify Tasks
- Use chaining, shaping, modeling prompts
- Shorten duration of activities
What needs will you need to modify a classroom for?
- Developmental Delays
- Orthopedic Impairments
- ADHD
- Visual Impairments
What are some Strategies of Inclusion of children with Orthopedic concerns?
- Stabilize learning materials
- Make items easier to grasp
- Change child’s position frequently
What are some Strategies of Inclusion for children with Visual Impairment?
- Use tactile cues
- Mark with Easily Identifiable objects
- Walk in front or next to child
What are some Strategies of Inclusion of children with ADHD?
- Reduce Visual Distraction (squirrel)
- Allow child to stand during activity
